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<strong>(Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models</strong>

"_First, the responses given by the LLMs often display incorrect reasoning that differs from cognitive biases observed in humans. This may mean errors in calculations, or violations to rules of logic and probability, or simple factual inaccuracies. Second, the inconsistency of responses reveals another form of irrationality—there is significant variation in the responses given by a single model for the same task._"

Macmillan-Scott Olivia and Musolesi Mirco. 2024 (Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models R. Soc. Open Sci. 11: 240255. doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240255

@ai

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe</strong>

"_The historical and archaeological record leave no doubt that the development of culture and population in southwestern Germany was temporarily characterized by profound discontinuities, particularly during the third to first century BCE. The definitive end of the 2,000 years of relative genetic continuity from the Bronze throughout the Iron Age in southern Germany is marked by a sudden, sharp increase of Steppe-related ancestry during the Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages._"

Gretzinger, J., Schmitt, F., Mötsch, A. et al. Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe. Nat Hum Behav (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-018

@science @archaeodons @anthropology @histodon @histodons

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

Languages from the World of the Bible

"The breakthrough of the alphabetic script early in the first millennium BCE coincides with the appearance of several new languages and civilizations in ancient Syria-Palestine. Together, they form the cultural setting in which ancient Israel, the Hebrew Bible, and, transformed by Hellenism, the New Testament took shape."

Gzella, H. 2011. Languages from the World of the Bible. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. degruyter.com/document/doi/10.

@theology @religion @histodon @histodons @bookstodon (83)

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>The Making and Unmaking of a Presidency: Envisioning Empire in British Bencoolen, 1685–1825</strong>

"_The effort to transform Sumatra into a productive constituent of a larger imperial nexus depended on many of the same processes that were to shape modern capitalism. Not only did British officials in Bencoolen deploy coerced and enslaved labor, they did so with the intent of wresting control of the production, consumption, and circulation of valuable commodities such as pepper and sugar. Practices of slavery, transplantation, and agrarian change typically associated with British colonies in the Atlantic world fundamentally shaped Bencoolen._"

Bains, T. (2024) ‘The Making and Unmaking of a Presidency: Envisioning Empire in British Bencoolen, 1685–1825’, Journal of British Studies, pp. 1–21. doi: doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2023.142.

@histodon @histodons

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Mapping automatic social media information disorder. The role of bots and AI in spreading misleading information in society</strong>

"_The analysis focused on four research questions: 1) the distribution of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation across different platforms; 2) recurring themes in fake news and their visibility; 3) the role of artificial intelligence as an authoritative and/or spreader agent; and 4) strategies for combating information disorder. The role of AI was highlighted, both as a tool for fact-checking and building truthiness identification bots, and as a potential amplifier of false narratives._"

Tomassi A, Falegnami A, Romano E (2024) Mapping automatic social media information disorder. The role of bots and AI in spreading misleading information in society. PLOS ONE 19(5): e0303183. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0

@ai @socialmedia

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>The Export Of Capital To Colonies And The Falling Rate Of Profit In Economic Thought: 1776-1917</strong>

"_The colonization of South Africa, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand was closely linked with European emigration. After 1870, colonization affected large areas of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific where the population remained overwhelmingly non-European (Bayly 2004). As an advocate of emigration writing in the 1830s, Wakefield argued that the main purpose of acquiring colonies was to extend the agricultural frontier by settling European farmers on previously uncultivated land._"

Walke, A. (2024) ‘THE EXPORT OF CAPITAL TO COLONIES AND THE FALLING RATE OF PROFIT IN ECONOMIC THOUGHT: 1776–1917’, Journal of the History of Economic Thought, pp. 1–23. doi: doi.org/10.1017/S1053837224000.

@histodon @histodons @economics @econhist @econhistory

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Biblical Gilgal: A Common Place Name or a Cult Site near Jericho?</strong>

"_Gilgal was a national cult centre of the Kingdom of Israel, and in several references its name appears alongside that of Bethel (1 Sam 7:16; 2 Kgs 2:1–2; Hos 4:15; 12:12; Amos 4:4; 5:4–5). Bethel, located in the highlands, was the seat of a national temple (see Amos 7:13) and the place where the golden calf, the animal sacred to the Storm God, represented the God of Israel in his temple._"

Naʾaman, N. (2024). Biblical Gilgal: A Common Place Name or a Cult Site near Jericho? Tel Aviv, 51(1), 59–72. doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2024.

@archaeodons @histodon @histodons

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>The geometrical atomism of Roger Bacon</strong>

"_He argued that all four sublunar elements, namely, earth, water, air, and fire, can be analysed into geometrical units which take two shapes: cubical when at rest, and pyramidal when in motion. This allowed him, in turn, to solve the difficulty of the participation of the cubical portions of earth in elemental transmutations, which was due to the triangular faces of the other elements._"

Kedar, Y. (2024) ‘The geometrical atomism of Roger Bacon’, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, pp. 1–18. doi: doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2024..

@philosophy

attribution: Jan Verhas, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Imagined otherness fuels blatant dehumanization of outgroups</strong>

"_Given the cruelties that humans are capable of inflicting upon others, understanding the origins of blatant dehumanization is of paramount importance if we aim to ultimately curb such atrocities. This study demonstrates that merely perceiving the other as seeing the world in a fundamentally different way can lead people to conceive of them as subhuman._"

van Loon, A., Goldberg, A. & Srivastava, S.B. Imagined otherness fuels blatant dehumanization of outgroups. Commun Psychol 2, 39 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s44271-024-000

@politicalscience @psychology @sociology

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Assyrian conquest and ruralization: unveiling territorial dynamics in the provinces of Magiddû and Samerina</strong>

"_This study has illustrated that the Assyrian territorial strategy implemented in the provinces of Magiddû and Samerina, established upon the remnants of the Kingdom of Israel, manifested as clusters of sites, termed ‘islands of control’. These ‘islands’ comprised a rural landscape overseen by the principal cities of Tel Dan, Megiddo and Samaria. This territorial approach mirrors a broader modus operandi adopted by the Assyrians across their empire to manage agricultural production._"

Squitieri, A. (2024) ‘Assyrian conquest and ruralization: unveiling territorial dynamics in the provinces of Magiddû and Samerina’, Levant, pp. 1–20. doi: doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2024..

@histodon @histodons @antiquiodons

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Cavalier South vs Puritan North? Hypocrisy and Identity in the American Civil War</strong>

"_This article highlights the ways Southern ministers claimed the puritan identity for the South and accused the North of hypocrisy, for having fallen far from the theological ideals of their puritan forebears. Furthermore, Southern ministers noted the hypocrisy of Northern puritans for having escaped religious tyranny only to impose it upon those who did not conform to their form of Christianity; they had thus fallen into the very sin which they had decried._"

Manger, E.G. (2024) ‘Cavalier South vs Puritan North? Hypocrisy and Identity in the American Civil War’, Studies in Church History, 60, pp. 431–452. doi: doi.org/10.1017/stc.2024.16.

@histodon @histodons

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>People perceive parasocial relationships to be effective at fulfilling emotional needs</strong>

"_Although strong two-sided relationships were consistently seen as the closest, most responsive, and most effective relationship type for fulfilling emotional needs, we found that people consider a strong PSR—someone they have never met (e.g., YouTube creator, a celebrity) and who may not even exist (e.g., fictional character)—as closer, and more effective at fulfilling their emotional needs than an acquaintance they interact with dyadically (i.e., their weak two-sided relationship)._"

Lotun, S., Lamarche, V.M., Matran-Fernandez, A. et al. People perceive parasocial relationships to be effective at fulfilling emotional needs. Sci Rep 14, 8185 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-580

@psychology

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Hermeneutical disarmament</strong>

"_Hermeneutical disarmament is the process by which a person is rendered less able to understand or communicate experiences, ideas, and other phenomena as a result of semantic change to the linguistic resources that could previously have been deployed for these purposes._"

Robert Morgan, Hermeneutical disarmament, The Philosophical Quarterly, 2024;, pqae046, doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqae046

@philosophy @linguistics

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Ancient genomes revealed the complex human interactions of the ancient western Tibetans</strong>

"_Outside the Tibetan Plateau, the western Tibetan Plateau populations interacted with both South and Central Asian populations at least 2,000 years ago, and the South Asian-related genetic influence, despite being very limited, was from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) migrants in Central Asia instead of the IVC populations from the Indus Valley._"

'Ancient genomes revealed the complex human interactions of the ancient western Tibetans' (2024) ScienceDirect. doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.04..

@science @anthropology

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>F. A. Hayek, Libertarianism, and the Denationalization of Money</strong>

"_Hayek found support within the American libertarian movement. Libertarians realized that Hayek's radical proposal would limit state control over the monetary system and allow for the free exchange of gold._"

McIntosh, W. (2024) ‘F. A. Hayek, Libertarianism, and the Denationalization of Money’, Modern American History, pp. 1–20. doi: doi.org/10.1017/mah.2024.19.

@histodon @histodons

attribution: Stevebidmead, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Conditional Enfranchisement: How Partisanship Determines Support for Noncitizen Voting Rights</strong>

"_Our findings suggest that U.S. voters are pragmatic about extending the local franchise to noncitizens. Although U.S. voters are, on average, indifferent toward local noncitizen suffrage, they oppose enfranchisement when noncitizens would vote for the opposing party._"

ALARIAN, H. and ZONSZEIN, S. (2024) ‘Conditional Enfranchisement: How Partisanship Determines Support for Noncitizen Voting Rights’, American Political Science Review, pp. 1–8. doi: doi.org/10.1017/S0003055424000.

@politicalscience

Image : IonlyPlayz, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

<strong>Origen of Alexandria and the History of Racism as a Theological Problem</strong>

"_Earlier scholarly accounts that portray Origen as a champion of human equality and as engaged in anti-racist efforts therefore cannot stand up to scrutiny. Origen disparages certain ethnic groups and develops arguments that connect ethnic identity and geographical location with various degrees of sinfulness. His work offers clear evidence that theories of ethnic inferiority have a long history within the Christian matrix that stretches considerably beyond the modern and medieval periods._"

Matthijs den Dulk, Origen of Alexandria and the History of Racism as a Theological Problem, The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 71, Issue 1, April 2020, Pages 164–195, doi.org/10.1093/jts/flaa025

@histodon @histodons @theology

attribution: Luyken, Jan (1649-1712), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL:commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

"_The fakes created during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century tell us another story, one of the rediscovery of the ancient Near East within the Orientalism movement. This fascination about the Orient and the past led certain individuals to create some fantastic stories and theories, such as those published by the writer Zecharia Stichin (1920–2010) who took the mythological battles of gods related in the authentic Babylonian Epic of Creation to be real astronomic phenomena._"

Michel, C. 2020. Cuneiform Fakes: A Long History from Antiquity to the Present Day. In: Michel, C. and Friedrich, M. ed. Fakes and Forgeries of Written Artefacts from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern China. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 25-60. doi.org/10.1515/9783110714333-

@histodon @histodons @bookstodon @archaeodons

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

"_The extent to which the worship of Baal and Asherah affected Israel’s understanding of Yahweh is seen in the inscriptions found at Kuntillet Ajrud. Jezebel was not fully responsible for the ongoing worship of Canaanite deities in Israel and Judah but her reign gave legitimacy to the long held tendency._"

Dolan, M. (2024) “Jezebel: A Hebrew Disaster”, Buried History: The Journal of the Australian Institute of Archaeology, 40, pp. 39–48. doi.org/10.62614/7d25h288

@archaeodons @antiquidons @histodon @histodons

(Baal Ugarit) attribution: Louvre Museum, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL:commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fil

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Bibliolater 📚📜🖋

"<strong>Because a growing share of Americans hold highly unfavourable views of big corporations, we argue that the belief that large firms win from trade will provoke hostility towards trade and globalization. To test this theory, we show experimentally that informing people that large corporations benefit from trade makes them markedly more hostile towards trade compared to a treatment emphasizing that firms in exporting industries benefit.</strong>"

Menon, A. and Osgood, I. (2024) ‘The Wrong Winners: Anti-Corporate Animus and Attitudes Towards Trade’, British Journal of Political Science, pp. 1–18. doi: doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000.

@politicalscience

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