Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 @bibliolater@qoto.org

<strong>Lie detection algorithms disrupt the social dynamics of accusation behavior</strong>

"_The aggregate results across treatments suggest the following conclusions: (1) in the absence of a lie-detection algorithm, people are reluctant to make accusations; (2) when the lie-detection algorithm is available, a minority of people want to obtain its prediction; (3) the minority that does almost always follows the algorithmic prediction, independent of whether the algorithm flags a statement as truth or lie; (4) individuals who actively request algorithmic predictions are not inherently more prone to make accusations, but follow accusation suggestions more than those who receive such predictions without actively seeking them; (5) those who would not actively request the algorithmic prediction do not change their behavior even when they passively receive one; (6) beliefs about the relative performance of the lie-detection algorithm correlate with adoption rates._"

Von Schenk, A. et al. (2024) 'Lie detection algorithms disrupt the social dynamics of accusation behavior,' iScience, p. 110201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110201.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Computing #SocialScience #Social #MachineLearning #Algorithm #Lying #Academia #Academic #Academics @socialscience

<strong>Can ChatGPT Detect DeepFakes? A Study of Using Multimodal Large Language Models for Media Forensics</strong>

"_In this work, we investigate the capabilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) in DeepFake detection. We conducted qualitative and quantitative experiments to demonstrate multimodal LLMs and show that they can expose AI-generated images through careful experimental design and prompt engineering._"

Jia, S. et al. (2024) 'Can ChatGPT Detect DeepFakes? A study of using multimodal large language models for media forensics,' arXiv (Cornell University) [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.14077.

#Preprint #Research #ChatGPT #LLM #LLMs #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #ComputerScience #Deepfake #Deepfakes @ai

<strong>The return of long-lost Sumero-Akkadian heritage and modern disorders: rediscovering Gilgamesh, Victorian tension, and aftermath</strong>

"_The rediscovery of the Mesopotamian epic complicated centuries-old and on-going debates about time and history: The major archaeologists of the period utilized it to return the field to its earliest arguments and better understand what time and history meant at the end of the nineteenth century, the Historians, Hebraists, and Biblicists began to question the originality of the Bible and verify its reliability, and figures specialized in literature and/or the arts got access to the primary sources of prehistory to update existing literature or create new fictional arts._"

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #Literature #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons

<strong>Nobody’s land? The oldest evidence of early Upper Paleolithic settlements in inland Iberia</strong>

"_The directly dated cut-marked bones of ungulates indicate the presence of AMHs in inland Iberia during the early and mid-Upper Paleolithic. The paleoecological inferences suggest that human populations occupied Malia when climatic and ecological conditions were not particularly severe in terms of aridity and temperature._"

Nohemi Sala et al., Nobody’s land? The oldest evidence of early Upper Paleolithic settlements in inland Iberia. Sci. Adv.10, eado3807 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ado3807

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Anthropology #Science #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Iberia #Europe @anthropology @archaeodons @science

<strong>Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom)</strong>

"_Our research reveals that remaining in a cross-legged sitting or kneeling position for extended periods, and the repetitive tasks related to writing and the adjusting of the rush pens during scribal activity, caused the extreme overloading of the jaw, neck and shoulder regions._"

Brukner Havelková, P., Dulíková, V., Bejdová, Š. et al. Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom). Sci Rep 14, 13317 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63549-z

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Anthropology #Science #Genetics #Ancient #Egypt #Writing #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons @anthropology

<strong>Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines</strong>

"_Our analysis suggests that this genetic distinction is due to a European-related gene flow introduced in Ashkelon during either the end of the Bronze Age or the beginning of the Iron Age. This timing is in accord with estimates of the Philistines arrival to the coast of the Levant, based on archeological and textual records (2–4)._"

Michal Feldman et al., Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines. Sci. Adv.5, eaax0061 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0061

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Anthropology #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Science #Archaeogenetics #Ancient #DNA #Genetics #IronAge #BronzeAge #Philistines #Ashkelon #NearEast #Levant #MiddleEast #Asia @science @anthropology @archaeodons

<strong>Wittgenstein and the liar</strong>

"_In what follows, a reading of Wittgenstein’s remarks will be offered according to which Wittgenstein subscribes to a form of dialetheism (that is, the view that there are sentences that are both true and false). In contrast to modern dialetheist approaches to the Liar, however, some of Wittgenstein’s remarks suggest combining a dialetheist position with what is called ‘logical nihilism’ (that is, the view that there are no universally valid inference rules)._"

Bromand, J. Wittgenstein and the liar. Synthese 204, 8 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04620-0 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Philosophy #Wittgenstein #Academia #Academic #Academics @philosophy

<strong>Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome</strong>

"_To conclude, our study of a Late Neolithic burial enables direct, quasi–real-time observation of the trimodal admixture processes in Europe between 3300 and 2600 cal BCE as steppe ancestry people dispersed and mixed with local Neo-ancestry groups or individuals. The generalization of the results obtained from our data suggests that this genomic transformation took place during a period of profound cultural change._"

Oğuzhan Parasayan et al., Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome. Sci. Adv.10, eadl2468(2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adl2468

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Science #STEM #Genetics #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Neolithic #Europe #Genome #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons

<strong>How Does Our Sense of Humor Change With Age? A Statistical Analysis</strong>

"_This research indicates that as individuals age, their increasing appreciation for incongruity resolution is coupled with a diminished enjoyment of nonsensical humor._"

https://www.statsignificant.com/p/how-does-our-sense-of-humor-change

#Research #Comedy #Humour #Humor #Joke #Jokes #Statistics #Data

<strong>The Tradition of Large Integers in Historical Arithmetical Textbooks</strong>

"_This tradition apparently began with the two first texts that significantly contributed to the spread of the decimal system in Europe—the Latin translations of al- Khwarizmi’s treatise on decimal arithmetic, and Leonardo’s Liber Abaci, containing examples of reading a 16-digit and a 15-digit number respectively. Throughout the centuries, the order of magnitude of these introductory numbers increased, in general up to some 30 digits, but in some cases to over 60 digits._"

Bruckler, Franka Miriam and Stilinovic, Vladimir (2024) "The Tradition of Large Integers in Historical Arithmetical Textbooks," The Mathematics Enthusiast: Vol. 21 : No. 1, Article 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54870/1551-3440.1617

#DOI #Research #History #Maths #Mathematics #Math #Textbooks #Book #Books #Academia #Academic #Academics

<strong>Agropastoral and dietary practices of the northern Levant facing Late Holocene climate and environmental change: Isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Bronze to Iron Age Tell Tweini</strong>

"_In view of the known critical factors influencing Bronze and Iron Age agriculture in the Eastern Mediterranean region, such as the global climate fluctuations at the end of the Early and Late Bronze Age or the collapse of the socio-economic system in connection with migrations, at least in part of a warlike nature, which are described as the invasion of the "Sea Peoples", agricultural production at Tell Tweini proves to be comparatively resilient. Thus, despite the destruction of Tell Tweini in the first quarter of the 12th century BC, a revival of urban life and trading systems in the 11th century BC and continuing into the Iron Age II is evident._"

Fuller BT, Riehl S, Linseele V, Marinova E, De Cupere B, et al. (2024) Agropastoral and dietary practices of the northern Levant facing Late Holocene climate and environmental change: Isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Bronze to Iron Age Tell Tweini. PLOS ONE 19(6): e0301775. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301775

#OpenAccess #OA #PeerReview #Research #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Levant #Asia #BronzeAge #IronAge #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons

<strong>The potential of lacustrine sedimentary ancient DNA for revealing human postglacial recolonization patterns in northern Sweden – a review</strong>

"_The questions of who the first postglacial peoples, or pioneers, were and where they came from therefore remain unanswered. Previous palaeogenomic analyses from remains from adjacent regions have suggested that two main routes into Sweden could have been taken by the pioneers, one from the SW through modern-day Denmark and Norway, and one from the east via Finland. However, no direct genetic evidence from the pioneers of northern Sweden exists._"

Johnson, E., Regnéll, C., Heintzman, P.D. and Linderholm, A. (2024), The potential of lacustrine sedimentary ancient DNA for revealing human postglacial recolonization patterns in northern Sweden – a review. Boreas. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12660

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #Research #Review #Article #Science #STEM #Ancient #DNA #Sweden #Europe @science

<strong>Just thinking about a location activates mental maps in the brain – study</strong>

"_Mental maps may be created and activated when you just think about the route, researchers say._"

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/massachusetts-institute-of-technology-usa-b2561430.html

#News #Science #Research #Brain #Maps #MIT @science

<strong>ChatGPT is bullshit</strong>

"_We will argue that even if ChatGPT is not, itself, a hard bullshitter, it is nonetheless a bullshit machine. The bullshitter is the person using it, since they (i) don’t care about the truth of what it says, (ii) want the reader to believe what the application outputs._"

Hicks, M.T., Humphries, J. & Slater, J. ChatGPT is bullshit. Ethics Inf Technol 26, 38 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Ethics #Information #Technology #Tech #IT #ArtificialIntelligence #AI #LLMS #LLM #ChatGPT #Bullshit #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai

<strong>(Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models</strong>

"_First, the responses given by the LLMs often display incorrect reasoning that differs from cognitive biases observed in humans. This may mean errors in calculations, or violations to rules of logic and probability, or simple factual inaccuracies. Second, the inconsistency of responses reveals another form of irrationality—there is significant variation in the responses given by a single model for the same task._"

Macmillan-Scott Olivia and Musolesi Mirco. 2024 (Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models R. Soc. Open Sci. 11: 240255. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240255

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #LLM #LLMS #Bias #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai

<strong>The Ancestors of Today's Poles with the Haplogroup R1a</strong>

"_Genetic studies proved the autochthonic theory of Polish origin to be true at least as by the 2nd century BCE or possibly about 2000 BCE. The Polish nobility’s myth was its Sarmatian origin, a myth that proved to be true partially culturally and partially genetically. The Scythian and Slavic peoples grow out of the same Indo-European genetic trunk, or
rather, they are branches of the same thicker limb._"

Wojciech J. Cynarski (2021). The Ancestors of Today's Poles with the Haplogroup R1a. Sociology and Anthropology, 9(2), 19-25. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.13189/sa.2021.090202

#Research #DOI #IndoEuropean #Aryan #Scyth #Slavic #Lechite #Pole #Sociology #Anthropology #Science #Genetics #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @sociology @anthropology

<strong>AI can 'fake' empathy but also encourage Nazism, disturbing study suggests</strong>

"_Computer scientists have found that artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots and large language models (LLMs) can inadvertently allow Nazism, sexism and racism to fester in their conversation partners._

_When prompted to show empathy, these conversational agents do so in spades, even when the humans using them are self-proclaimed Nazis. What's more, the chatbots did nothing to denounce the toxic ideology._"

https://www.livescience.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/ai-can-fake-empathy-but-also-encourage-nazism-disturbing-study-suggests

#Academia #Academic #Academics #Research #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #LLM #Tech #Technology #Nazism #Fascism #Racism #Sexism #Fake #Empathy #Chatbot @ai

<strong>Mapping automatic social media information disorder. The role of bots and AI in spreading misleading information in society</strong>

"_The analysis focused on four research questions: 1) the distribution of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation across different platforms; 2) recurring themes in fake news and their visibility; 3) the role of artificial intelligence as an authoritative and/or spreader agent; and 4) strategies for combating information disorder. The role of AI was highlighted, both as a tool for fact-checking and building truthiness identification bots, and as a potential amplifier of false narratives._"

Tomassi A, Falegnami A, Romano E (2024) Mapping automatic social media information disorder. The role of bots and AI in spreading misleading information in society. PLOS ONE 19(5): e0303183. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303183

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #SocialMedia #Twitter #X #Facebook #Misinformation #Disinformation #Malinformation #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai @socialmedia

<strong>Mathematicians Attempt to Glimpse Past the Big Bang</strong>

"_Researchers already knew that in a universe with so-called dark energy, but without matter, the start of inflation identified in the BGV theorem is a coordinate singularity that can be eliminated. But the real universe has matter, of course. Might mathematical tricks also make it possible to get around its singularity? The researchers showed that if the amount of matter is negligible compared to the amount of dark energy, then the singularity can be eliminated._"

https://www.quantamagazine.org/mathematicians-attempt-to-glimpse-past-the-big-bang-20240531/

#Research #Science #STEM #Maths #Mathematics #Math #Physics @science @physics

<strong>Biblical Gilgal: A Common Place Name or a Cult Site near Jericho?</strong>

"_Gilgal was a national cult centre of the Kingdom of Israel, and in several references its name appears alongside that of Bethel (1 Sam 7:16; 2 Kgs 2:1–2; Hos 4:15; 12:12; Amos 4:4; 5:4–5). Bethel, located in the highlands, was the seat of a national temple (see Amos 7:13) and the place where the golden calf, the animal sacred to the Storm God, represented the God of Israel in his temple._"

Naʾaman, N. (2024). Biblical Gilgal: A Common Place Name or a Cult Site near Jericho? Tel Aviv, 51(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2024.2327800

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #Archaeology #Arcaheodons #Israel #Israelites #MiddleEast #Levant #NearEast #Asia #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @histodon @histodons