Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 @bibliolater@qoto.org

**Identification and measurement of intensive economic growth in a Roman imperial province**

"_Here, we examine evidence for three different socioeconomic rates that are available from the archaeological record for Roman Britain. We find that all three measures show increasing returns to scale with settlement population, with a common elasticity that is consistent with the expectation from settlement scaling theory._"

Scott G. Ortman et al., Identification and measurement of intensive economic growth in a Roman imperial province. Sci. Adv. 10, eadk5517 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk5517

#OpenAccess #Oa #Research #Article #DOI #Anthropology #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Ancient #History #Economy #Roman #Romans #Britain #Empire #Imperialism #Academia #Academic #Academics @anthropology @archaeodons

**The genetic structure of Norway** 🇳🇴

"_The main finding of this study is that despite Norway’s long maritime history and as a former Danish territory, the region closest to mainland Europe in the south appears to have been an isolated region in Norway, highlighting the open sea as a barrier to gene flow into Norway._"

Mattingsdal, M., Ebenesersdóttir, S.S., Moore, K.H.S. et al. The genetic structure of Norway. Eur J Hum Genet 29, 1710–1718 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-021-00899-6

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Science #Biology #Genetics #Anthropology #Norway #Scandinavia #Nordic #Europe #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @biology @anthropology

**Discovering the North: Francesco Negri’s and Giuseppe Acerbi’s journeys to Norway in the 17th and 18th centuries**

"_Their narratives provide valuable insights into the cultural and societal landscape of the North during their time, illuminating a region largely undiscovered by other European travellers. By documenting their experiences and observations, Negri and Acerbi contribute to a broader understanding of Northern Europe, challenging prevailing narratives._"

Miscali, M. (2024) ‘Discovering the North: Francesco Negri’s and Giuseppe Acerbi’s journeys to Norway in the 17th and 18th centuries’, Scandinavian Journal of History, pp. 1–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2024.2368554.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #Norway #Scandinavia #Europe #C17th #C18th #17thcentury #18thcentury #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons

**Song melodies have become simpler since 1950s – study**

"_An analysis of hundreds of chart hits from the past 70 years has shown “a significant decline” in the complexity of rhythm and pitch in song melodies, UK researchers said._"

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/lady-gaga-poker-face-elizabeth-taylor-queen-mary-university-of-london-computer-science-b2574051.html

#Music #Study #Research #Science @science

**Evidence of Large Vessels and Sail in Bronze Age Scandinavia**

"_This study suggests that the Bronze Age boat imagery in southern Scandinavia depicts plank-built vessels of a type that belonged to the same boatbuilding tradition as the c. 350 BC Hjortspring boat. More importantly, aspects of this boat imagery can be directly related to the contemporary ship-settings, suggesting use of sail and the existence of boats that from stem to stem (excluding horn projections) might have been in the region of up 20–30 metres or perhaps even larger._"

Bengtsson, B., Artursson, M. and Wehlin, J. (2024) ‘Evidence of Large Vessels and Sail in Bronze Age Scandinavia’, Norwegian Archaeological Review, pp. 1–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2024.2357135.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Scandinavia #Nordic #BronzeAge #Sailing #Boats #History #Europe #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons

<strong>Lie detection algorithms disrupt the social dynamics of accusation behavior</strong>

"_The aggregate results across treatments suggest the following conclusions: (1) in the absence of a lie-detection algorithm, people are reluctant to make accusations; (2) when the lie-detection algorithm is available, a minority of people want to obtain its prediction; (3) the minority that does almost always follows the algorithmic prediction, independent of whether the algorithm flags a statement as truth or lie; (4) individuals who actively request algorithmic predictions are not inherently more prone to make accusations, but follow accusation suggestions more than those who receive such predictions without actively seeking them; (5) those who would not actively request the algorithmic prediction do not change their behavior even when they passively receive one; (6) beliefs about the relative performance of the lie-detection algorithm correlate with adoption rates._"

Von Schenk, A. et al. (2024) 'Lie detection algorithms disrupt the social dynamics of accusation behavior,' iScience, p. 110201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.110201.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Computing #SocialScience #Social #MachineLearning #Algorithm #Lying #Academia #Academic #Academics @socialscience

<strong>Can ChatGPT Detect DeepFakes? A Study of Using Multimodal Large Language Models for Media Forensics</strong>

"_In this work, we investigate the capabilities of multimodal large language models (LLMs) in DeepFake detection. We conducted qualitative and quantitative experiments to demonstrate multimodal LLMs and show that they can expose AI-generated images through careful experimental design and prompt engineering._"

Jia, S. et al. (2024) 'Can ChatGPT Detect DeepFakes? A study of using multimodal large language models for media forensics,' arXiv (Cornell University) [Preprint]. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2403.14077.

#Preprint #Research #ChatGPT #LLM #LLMs #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #ComputerScience #Deepfake #Deepfakes @ai

<strong>The return of long-lost Sumero-Akkadian heritage and modern disorders: rediscovering Gilgamesh, Victorian tension, and aftermath</strong>

"_The rediscovery of the Mesopotamian epic complicated centuries-old and on-going debates about time and history: The major archaeologists of the period utilized it to return the field to its earliest arguments and better understand what time and history meant at the end of the nineteenth century, the Historians, Hebraists, and Biblicists began to question the originality of the Bible and verify its reliability, and figures specialized in literature and/or the arts got access to the primary sources of prehistory to update existing literature or create new fictional arts._"

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #Literature #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons

<strong>Nobody’s land? The oldest evidence of early Upper Paleolithic settlements in inland Iberia</strong>

"_The directly dated cut-marked bones of ungulates indicate the presence of AMHs in inland Iberia during the early and mid-Upper Paleolithic. The paleoecological inferences suggest that human populations occupied Malia when climatic and ecological conditions were not particularly severe in terms of aridity and temperature._"

Nohemi Sala et al., Nobody’s land? The oldest evidence of early Upper Paleolithic settlements in inland Iberia. Sci. Adv.10, eado3807 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ado3807

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Anthropology #Science #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Iberia #Europe @anthropology @archaeodons @science

<strong>Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom)</strong>

"_Our research reveals that remaining in a cross-legged sitting or kneeling position for extended periods, and the repetitive tasks related to writing and the adjusting of the rush pens during scribal activity, caused the extreme overloading of the jaw, neck and shoulder regions._"

Brukner Havelková, P., Dulíková, V., Bejdová, Š. et al. Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom). Sci Rep 14, 13317 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63549-z

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Anthropology #Science #Genetics #Ancient #Egypt #Writing #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons @anthropology

<strong>Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines</strong>

"_Our analysis suggests that this genetic distinction is due to a European-related gene flow introduced in Ashkelon during either the end of the Bronze Age or the beginning of the Iron Age. This timing is in accord with estimates of the Philistines arrival to the coast of the Levant, based on archeological and textual records (2–4)._"

Michal Feldman et al., Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines. Sci. Adv.5, eaax0061 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0061

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Anthropology #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Science #Archaeogenetics #Ancient #DNA #Genetics #IronAge #BronzeAge #Philistines #Ashkelon #NearEast #Levant #MiddleEast #Asia @science @anthropology @archaeodons

<strong>Wittgenstein and the liar</strong>

"_In what follows, a reading of Wittgenstein’s remarks will be offered according to which Wittgenstein subscribes to a form of dialetheism (that is, the view that there are sentences that are both true and false). In contrast to modern dialetheist approaches to the Liar, however, some of Wittgenstein’s remarks suggest combining a dialetheist position with what is called ‘logical nihilism’ (that is, the view that there are no universally valid inference rules)._"

Bromand, J. Wittgenstein and the liar. Synthese 204, 8 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04620-0 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Philosophy #Wittgenstein #Academia #Academic #Academics @philosophy

<strong>Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome</strong>

"_To conclude, our study of a Late Neolithic burial enables direct, quasi–real-time observation of the trimodal admixture processes in Europe between 3300 and 2600 cal BCE as steppe ancestry people dispersed and mixed with local Neo-ancestry groups or individuals. The generalization of the results obtained from our data suggests that this genomic transformation took place during a period of profound cultural change._"

Oğuzhan Parasayan et al., Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome. Sci. Adv.10, eadl2468(2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adl2468

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Science #STEM #Genetics #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Neolithic #Europe #Genome #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons

<strong>How Does Our Sense of Humor Change With Age? A Statistical Analysis</strong>

"_This research indicates that as individuals age, their increasing appreciation for incongruity resolution is coupled with a diminished enjoyment of nonsensical humor._"

https://www.statsignificant.com/p/how-does-our-sense-of-humor-change

#Research #Comedy #Humour #Humor #Joke #Jokes #Statistics #Data

<strong>The Tradition of Large Integers in Historical Arithmetical Textbooks</strong>

"_This tradition apparently began with the two first texts that significantly contributed to the spread of the decimal system in Europe—the Latin translations of al- Khwarizmi’s treatise on decimal arithmetic, and Leonardo’s Liber Abaci, containing examples of reading a 16-digit and a 15-digit number respectively. Throughout the centuries, the order of magnitude of these introductory numbers increased, in general up to some 30 digits, but in some cases to over 60 digits._"

Bruckler, Franka Miriam and Stilinovic, Vladimir (2024) "The Tradition of Large Integers in Historical Arithmetical Textbooks," The Mathematics Enthusiast: Vol. 21 : No. 1, Article 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54870/1551-3440.1617

#DOI #Research #History #Maths #Mathematics #Math #Textbooks #Book #Books #Academia #Academic #Academics

<strong>Agropastoral and dietary practices of the northern Levant facing Late Holocene climate and environmental change: Isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Bronze to Iron Age Tell Tweini</strong>

"_In view of the known critical factors influencing Bronze and Iron Age agriculture in the Eastern Mediterranean region, such as the global climate fluctuations at the end of the Early and Late Bronze Age or the collapse of the socio-economic system in connection with migrations, at least in part of a warlike nature, which are described as the invasion of the "Sea Peoples", agricultural production at Tell Tweini proves to be comparatively resilient. Thus, despite the destruction of Tell Tweini in the first quarter of the 12th century BC, a revival of urban life and trading systems in the 11th century BC and continuing into the Iron Age II is evident._"

Fuller BT, Riehl S, Linseele V, Marinova E, De Cupere B, et al. (2024) Agropastoral and dietary practices of the northern Levant facing Late Holocene climate and environmental change: Isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Bronze to Iron Age Tell Tweini. PLOS ONE 19(6): e0301775. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301775

#OpenAccess #OA #PeerReview #Research #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Levant #Asia #BronzeAge #IronAge #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons

<strong>The potential of lacustrine sedimentary ancient DNA for revealing human postglacial recolonization patterns in northern Sweden – a review</strong>

"_The questions of who the first postglacial peoples, or pioneers, were and where they came from therefore remain unanswered. Previous palaeogenomic analyses from remains from adjacent regions have suggested that two main routes into Sweden could have been taken by the pioneers, one from the SW through modern-day Denmark and Norway, and one from the east via Finland. However, no direct genetic evidence from the pioneers of northern Sweden exists._"

Johnson, E., Regnéll, C., Heintzman, P.D. and Linderholm, A. (2024), The potential of lacustrine sedimentary ancient DNA for revealing human postglacial recolonization patterns in northern Sweden – a review. Boreas. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12660

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #Research #Review #Article #Science #STEM #Ancient #DNA #Sweden #Europe @science

<strong>Just thinking about a location activates mental maps in the brain – study</strong>

"_Mental maps may be created and activated when you just think about the route, researchers say._"

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/massachusetts-institute-of-technology-usa-b2561430.html

#News #Science #Research #Brain #Maps #MIT @science

<strong>ChatGPT is bullshit</strong>

"_We will argue that even if ChatGPT is not, itself, a hard bullshitter, it is nonetheless a bullshit machine. The bullshitter is the person using it, since they (i) don’t care about the truth of what it says, (ii) want the reader to believe what the application outputs._"

Hicks, M.T., Humphries, J. & Slater, J. ChatGPT is bullshit. Ethics Inf Technol 26, 38 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Ethics #Information #Technology #Tech #IT #ArtificialIntelligence #AI #LLMS #LLM #ChatGPT #Bullshit #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai

<strong>(Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models</strong>

"_First, the responses given by the LLMs often display incorrect reasoning that differs from cognitive biases observed in humans. This may mean errors in calculations, or violations to rules of logic and probability, or simple factual inaccuracies. Second, the inconsistency of responses reveals another form of irrationality—there is significant variation in the responses given by a single model for the same task._"

Macmillan-Scott Olivia and Musolesi Mirco. 2024 (Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models R. Soc. Open Sci. 11: 240255. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240255

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #LLM #LLMS #Bias #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai