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"Are you bilingual? Or even multilingual? It turns out there are lots of upsides to speaking more than one language." youtu.be/nBGuQHsXllg @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"A peer-reviewed medical journal has published strange AI-made images, despite them containing imaginary words and letters as well as a very unusual rat." youtu.be/OqjpK70BOZg @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"The results allow us to reconstruct the seasonal strategies employed by neolithic groups that occupied Campo de Hockey and to establish whether this island site was occupied all year round or seasonally."

García-Escárzaga, A., Cantillo-Duarte, J.J., Milano, S. et al. Marine resource exploitation and human settlement patterns during the Neolithic in SW Europe: stable oxygen isotope analyses (δ18O) on Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778) from Campo de Hockey (San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain). Archaeol Anthropol Sci 16, 38 (2024). doi.org/10.1007/s12520-024-019 @science @archaeodons @anthropology

Marine resource exploitation and human settlement patterns during the Neolithic in SW Europe: stable oxygen isotope analyses (δ18O) on Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778) from Campo de Hockey (San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain) - Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences

In recent decades, investigations in the southern Iberian Peninsula have increased our understanding of the socio-economic impact of the spread of the Neolithic in southwestern Europe, including changes in marine resources exploitation. Nevertheless, considerable uncertainty still exists around the seasonality of such subsistence systems and the putative role of marine fish and shellfish to the evolving agro-pastoral economies. Earlier studies on the European Atlantic coast (including Iberia) have shown that the stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) values from the topshell Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778) can be reliably used to derive seasonal sea surface temperatures (SST) during its lifespan. This information can be used by archaeologists to estimate the seasonality of mollusc collection in the past, and to shed light into settlement and subsistence patterns. This paper presents the results of a stable isotope study on archaeological shells of P. lineatus recovered from the Neolithic settlement of Campo de Hockey (Cádiz, Spain). We analysed shells from both funerary and residential contexts and found that P. lineatus was consumed year-round, but with a stronger preference during winter. Our results therefore contribute to advance our understanding of the role of coastal environments in early farming societies of southwestern Europe.

doi.org
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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"We show that the drastic increase in the human population at risk of exposure is partly due to historical changes in population density, but that climate change has also been a critical driver behind the heightened risk of WNV circulation in Europe."

Erazo, D., Grant, L., Ghisbain, G. et al. Contribution of climate change to the spatial expansion of West Nile virus in Europe. Nat Commun 15, 1196 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-452 @science

Fig. 2: Changes in the ecological suitability of West Nile virus (WNV) in Europe. Past and present ecological suitability estimated for each administrative unit are based on both the reconstructions of the historical climate (a) and a counterfactual baseline (b). Ecological suitability values are averaged over the estimates of ten independent BRT models trained on present-day data retrieved from the ISIMIP3a reanalysis dataset GSWP3-W5E5. See Figs. S4–S6 for the estimates of three other ISIMIP3a reanalysis datasets (20CRv3, 20CRv3-ERA5, and 20CRv3-W5E5).
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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Notably, we reveal long IBD sharing between Corded Ware and Yamnaya groups, indicating that the Yamnaya herders of the Pontic-Caspian Steppe and the Steppe-related ancestry in various European Corded Ware groups share substantial co-ancestry within only a few hundred years."

Ringbauer, H., Huang, Y., Akbari, A. et al. Accurate detection of identity-by-descent segments in human ancient DNA. Nat Genet 56, 143–151 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41588-023-015 @science @biology

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Our analyses show that although societies that share similar ecologies are more likely to share cultural traits, the Eurasian continent is not significantly more ecologically homogeneous than other continental regions."

Chira, A.M., Gray, R.D. and Botero, C.A. (2024) ‘Geography is not destiny: A quantitative test of Diamond’s axis of orientation hypothesis’, Evolutionary Human Sciences, 6, p. e5. doi: doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2023.34 @geography @anthropology @biology @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"I show that differentials in the early documents are introduced by geometric arguments, lacking dynamic meaning; however in hindsight can a dynamic meaning be recognized in them."

Dias, P.M.C., 2023. Isaac Newton’s early documents on circular motion: can the dynamic reasoning in the “Principia” be found in them?. Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís. 45, e20230263.. doi.org/10.1590/1806-9126-RBEF @science @physics

The centripetal force. The force is along cd and CD and tend to the radius of the circle.
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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Since 2019, we have been maintaining the Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR), which aims to provide an up-to-date, curated version of the world’s published ancient human DNA data, represented at more than a million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at which almost all ancient individuals have been assayed."

Mallick, S., Micco, A., Mah, M. et al. The Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) a curated compendium of ancient human genomes. Sci Data 11, 182 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-030 @science @biology

Growth in world’s published human genome-wide ancient DNA data. (A) By year of publication (broken down by geography). (B) By date (color and symbol both indicate geographic location). (C) By geography (using same color and symbol scheme as in previous panel).
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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"The scientists’ results show that classical computing can be reconfigured to perform faster and more accurate calculations than state-of-the-art quantum computers." nyu.edu/about/news-publication @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

🇩🇰 "While the two major shifts in Danish Mesolithic and Neolithic material culture may have had different drivers and causes, the outcomes were ultimately the same: new people arrived and rapidly took over the territory. With this arrival, the local landscape was modified to fit the lifestyle and culture of the immigrants. This is the hallmark of the Anthropocene, observed here in high resolution in prehistoric Denmark."

Allentoft, M.E., Sikora, M., Fischer, A. et al. 100 ancient genomes show repeated population turnovers in Neolithic Denmark. Nature 625, 329–337 (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-068 @science @archaeodons

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Here we use an ice core record from grounded ice at Skytrain Ice Rise to constrain the timing and speed of early Holocene ice sheet retreat."

Grieman, M.M., Nehrbass-Ahles, C., Hoffmann, H.M. et al. Abrupt Holocene ice loss due to thinning and ungrounding in the Weddell Sea Embayment. Nat. Geosci. (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-013 @science

a,b, Regional map48 based on USGS Antarctic Overview map (a) and local map of the SIR developed using the Quantarctica mapping environment detailed in Matsuoka et al. (2021)49 (b). a, The red shading shows the locations9,15,42,43,44 of the cosmogenic exposure ages referred to in the text that are closest to SIR. b, The elevation shading is from the CryoSat-2 and RAMP2 elevation models, and the contour lines are at 500-m intervals from CryoSat-2 (ref. 49). The star shows the location of the drill site (b).
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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Their AI is able to recognize patterns in complex data sets and to formulate them in a physical theory. " fz-juelich.de/en/news/archive/ @science @physics @ai

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"The main objective of this scientific study was to see whether AI could be used in a scientifically appropriate manner to improve the scientific writing process. Indeed, AI reduced the time for writing but had significant inaccuracies. The latter necessitates that AI cannot currently be used alone but could be used with careful oversight by humans to assist in writing scientific review articles."

Kacena, M.A., Plotkin, L.I. & Fehrenbacher, J.C. The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Writing Scientific Review Articles. Curr Osteoporos Rep (2024). doi.org/10.1007/s11914-023-008 @science @ai @writing

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Writing Scientific Review Articles - Current Osteoporosis Reports

Purpose of Review With the recent explosion in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and specifically ChatGPT, we sought to determine whether ChatGPT could be used to assist in writing credible, peer-reviewed, scientific review articles. We also sought to assess, in a scientific study, the advantages and limitations of using ChatGPT for this purpose. To accomplish this, 3 topics of importance in musculoskeletal research were selected: (1) the intersection of Alzheimer’s disease and bone; (2) the neural regulation of fracture healing; and (3) COVID-19 and musculoskeletal health. For each of these topics, 3 approaches to write manuscript drafts were undertaken: (1) human only; (2) ChatGPT only (AI-only); and (3) combination approach of #1 and #2 (AI-assisted). Articles were extensively fact checked and edited to ensure scientific quality, resulting in final manuscripts that were significantly different from the original drafts. Numerous parameters were measured throughout the process to quantitate advantages and disadvantages of approaches. Recent Findings Overall, use of AI decreased the time spent to write the review article, but required more extensive fact checking. With the AI-only approach, up to 70% of the references cited were found to be inaccurate. Interestingly, the AI-assisted approach resulted in the highest similarity indices suggesting a higher likelihood of plagiarism. Finally, although the technology is rapidly changing, at the time of study, ChatGPT 4.0 had a cutoff date of September 2021 rendering identification of recent articles impossible. Therefore, all literature published past the cutoff date was manually provided to ChatGPT, rendering approaches #2 and #3 identical for contemporary citations. As a result, for the COVID-19 and musculoskeletal health topic, approach #2 was abandoned midstream due to the extensive overlap with approach #3. Summary The main objective of this scientific study was to see whether AI could be used in a scientifically appropriate manner to improve the scientific writing process. Indeed, AI reduced the time for writing but had significant inaccuracies. The latter necessitates that AI cannot currently be used alone but could be used with careful oversight by humans to assist in writing scientific review articles.

doi.org
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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Andrew Robinson reviews five of the best science picks." nature.com/articles/d41586-024 @science @bookstodon

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"The re­search­ers con­clude that cli­mate-re­lated stress could trig­ger a pan­demic out­break or in­tensify dis­ease out­breaks - for ex­ample, be­cause food is scarce and people be­come more sus­cept­ible for dis­eases." marum.de/en/Discover/climate-a @science @climate

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"This article aims to complicate the origin story of biological anthropology by examining how colonial subjects were involved in the development, testing, and refinement of racial theory, and thus of biological anthropology itself. Taking India as an example, I trace how Indians and the caste system were first the subjects and eventually the interlocutors of racial scientific theory and testing."

Weaver, L.J. (2022) 'The Laboratory of Scientific Racism: India and the origins of Anthropology,' Annual Review of Anthropology, 51(1), pp. 67–83. doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro. @biology @science @anthropology

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"We show that early H. sapiens associated with the LRJ were present in central and northwestern Europe long before the extinction of late Neanderthals in southwestern Europe. Our results strengthen the notion of a patchwork of distinct human populations and technocomplexes present in Europe during this transitional period."

Mylopotamitaki, D., Weiss, M., Fewlass, H. et al. Homo sapiens reached the higher latitudes of Europe by 45,000 years ago. Nature (2024). doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-069 @science @biology @anthropology @archaeodons

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"These findings suggest that wealth inequality in the US is associated with significant inequities in survival. Wealth redistribution policies may substantially reduce those inequities and increase population longevity."

Himmelstein KEW, Tsai AC, Venkataramani AS. Wealth Redistribution to Extend Longevity in the US. JAMA Intern Med. Published online January 29, 2024. doi: doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed. @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"In this technical report, we demonstrate a single scenario where a Large Language Model acts misaligned and strategically deceives its users without being instructed to act in this manner," livescience.com/technology/art @science

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"What can new technology reveal about the ancient Dead Sea Scrolls? Join scientists as they investigate suspicious, newly surfaced fragments to see if they're forfeited, and use imaging techniques to digitally unravel the charred remains of a scroll." youtu.be/INV9eLQa7Jc @science @religion @christianity @archaeodons

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