Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 @bibliolater@qoto.org

<strong>Imagined otherness fuels blatant dehumanization of outgroups</strong>

"_Given the cruelties that humans are capable of inflicting upon others, understanding the origins of blatant dehumanization is of paramount importance if we aim to ultimately curb such atrocities. This study demonstrates that merely perceiving the other as seeing the world in a fundamentally different way can lead people to conceive of them as subhuman._"

van Loon, A., Goldberg, A. & Srivastava, S.B. Imagined otherness fuels blatant dehumanization of outgroups. Commun Psychol 2, 39 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-024-00087-4

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Politics #PoliticalScience #Sociology #Psychology #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience @psychology @sociology

<strong>Assyrian conquest and ruralization: unveiling territorial dynamics in the provinces of Magiddû and Samerina</strong>

"_This study has illustrated that the Assyrian territorial strategy implemented in the provinces of Magiddû and Samerina, established upon the remnants of the Kingdom of Israel, manifested as clusters of sites, termed ‘islands of control’. These ‘islands’ comprised a rural landscape overseen by the principal cities of Tel Dan, Megiddo and Samaria. This territorial approach mirrors a broader modus operandi adopted by the Assyrians across their empire to manage agricultural production._"

Squitieri, A. (2024) ‘Assyrian conquest and ruralization: unveiling territorial dynamics in the provinces of Magiddû and Samerina’, Levant, pp. 1–20. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2024.2351677.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #Ancient #Antiquity #Antiquiodons #Assyria #Assyrian #Empire #Imperialism #Colonisation #Colonization #Levant #MiddleEast #NearEast #Asia #Agriculture @histodon @histodons @antiquiodons

<strong>Cavalier South vs Puritan North? Hypocrisy and Identity in the American Civil War</strong>

"_This article highlights the ways Southern ministers claimed the puritan identity for the South and accused the North of hypocrisy, for having fallen far from the theological ideals of their puritan forebears. Furthermore, Southern ministers noted the hypocrisy of Northern puritans for having escaped religious tyranny only to impose it upon those who did not conform to their form of Christianity; they had thus fallen into the very sin which they had decried._"

Manger, E.G. (2024) ‘Cavalier South vs Puritan North? Hypocrisy and Identity in the American Civil War’, Studies in Church History, 60, pp. 431–452. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/stc.2024.16.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #US #USA #UnitedStates #America #Hipocrisy #Identity #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons

<strong>People perceive parasocial relationships to be effective at fulfilling emotional needs</strong>

"_Although strong two-sided relationships were consistently seen as the closest, most responsive, and most effective relationship type for fulfilling emotional needs, we found that people consider a strong PSR—someone they have never met (e.g., YouTube creator, a celebrity) and who may not even exist (e.g., fictional character)—as closer, and more effective at fulfilling their emotional needs than an acquaintance they interact with dyadically (i.e., their weak two-sided relationship)._"

Lotun, S., Lamarche, V.M., Matran-Fernandez, A. et al. People perceive parasocial relationships to be effective at fulfilling emotional needs. Sci Rep 14, 8185 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58069-9

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Psychology #SocialMedia #Youtube #Emotions #Relationships #Academia #Academic #Academics @psychology

<strong>Hermeneutical disarmament</strong>

"_Hermeneutical disarmament is the process by which a person is rendered less able to understand or communicate experiences, ideas, and other phenomena as a result of semantic change to the linguistic resources that could previously have been deployed for these purposes._"

Robert Morgan, Hermeneutical disarmament, The Philosophical Quarterly, 2024;, pqae046, https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqae046

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Philosophy #Semantics #Language #Linguistics @philosophy @linguistics

<strong>Ancient genomes revealed the complex human interactions of the ancient western Tibetans</strong>

"_Outside the Tibetan Plateau, the western Tibetan Plateau populations interacted with both South and Central Asian populations at least 2,000 years ago, and the South Asian-related genetic influence, despite being very limited, was from the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) migrants in Central Asia instead of the IVC populations from the Indus Valley._"

'Ancient genomes revealed the complex human interactions of the ancient western Tibetans' (2024) ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.068.

#OpenAccess #OA #Reseach #DOI #Ancient #DNA #AncientDNA #Tibet #Population #History #IndusValleyCivilization #IVC #SouthAsia #Asia #CentralAsia #Science #STEM #Genetics #Paleoanthropology #Anthropology @science @anthropology

<strong>F. A. Hayek, Libertarianism, and the Denationalization of Money</strong>

"_Hayek found support within the American libertarian movement. Libertarians realized that Hayek's radical proposal would limit state control over the monetary system and allow for the free exchange of gold._"

McIntosh, W. (2024) ‘F. A. Hayek, Libertarianism, and the Denationalization of Money’, Modern American History, pp. 1–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/mah.2024.19.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Conservatism #Business #Capitalism #Politics #Libertarianism #Money #History #Histodon #HIstodons @histodon @histodons

#Image attribution: Stevebidmead, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_bullion_bars.jpg

<strong>Conditional Enfranchisement: How Partisanship Determines Support for Noncitizen Voting Rights</strong>

"_Our findings suggest that U.S. voters are pragmatic about extending the local franchise to noncitizens. Although U.S. voters are, on average, indifferent toward local noncitizen suffrage, they oppose enfranchisement when noncitizens would vote for the opposing party._"

ALARIAN, H. and ZONSZEIN, S. (2024) ‘Conditional Enfranchisement: How Partisanship Determines Support for Noncitizen Voting Rights’, American Political Science Review, pp. 1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055424000522.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #Politics #PoliticalScience #US #USA #UnitedStates #America #Elections #Democracy #Migration #Migrants #Immigration #Immigrants #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience

Image #attribution: IonlyPlayz, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_map_of_the_USA_~_Rivers_and_Lakes.png

<strong>Origen of Alexandria and the History of Racism as a Theological Problem</strong>

"_Earlier scholarly accounts that portray Origen as a champion of human equality and as engaged in anti-racist efforts therefore cannot stand up to scrutiny. Origen disparages certain ethnic groups and develops arguments that connect ethnic identity and geographical location with various degrees of sinfulness. His work offers clear evidence that theories of ethnic inferiority have a long history within the Christian matrix that stretches considerably beyond the modern and medieval periods._"

Matthijs den Dulk, Origen of Alexandria and the History of Racism as a Theological Problem, The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 71, Issue 1, April 2020, Pages 164–195, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/flaa025

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #Essay #Theology #History #Histodon #Histodons #Christianity #Church #Racism #Racist #Religion #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons @theology

#Image attribution: Luyken, Jan (1649-1712), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OrigenStudentsLuyken.jpg

"_The fakes created during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century tell us another story, one of the rediscovery of the ancient Near East within the Orientalism movement. This fascination about the Orient and the past led certain individuals to create some fantastic stories and theories, such as those published by the writer Zecharia Stichin (1920–2010) who took the mythological battles of gods related in the authentic Babylonian Epic of Creation to be real astronomic phenomena._"

Michel, C. 2020. Cuneiform Fakes: A Long History from Antiquity to the Present Day. In: Michel, C. and Friedrich, M. ed. Fakes and Forgeries of Written Artefacts from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern China. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 25-60. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110714333-002

#OpenAccess #OA #Chapter #Research #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #History #Histodon #Histodons #Fake #Cuneiform #NearEast #MiddleEast #Asia #Academia #Academic #Academics #Read #Reading #NonFiction #Book #Books #Ebook #Ebooks #Bookstodon @histodon @histodons @bookstodon @archaeodons

"_The extent to which the worship of Baal and Asherah affected Israel’s understanding of Yahweh is seen in the inscriptions found at Kuntillet Ajrud. Jezebel was not fully responsible for the ongoing worship of Canaanite deities in Israel and Judah but her reign gave legitimacy to the long held tendency._"

Dolan, M. (2024) “Jezebel: A Hebrew Disaster”, Buried History: The Journal of the Australian Institute of Archaeology, 40, pp. 39–48. https://doi.org/10.62614/7d25h288

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Antiquidons #Israel #Phoenicia #Yahweh #Baal #Levant #MiddleEast #NearEast #Hebrew #Bible #Religion #Canaan #Canaanite #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @antiquidons @histodon @histodons

#Image (Baal Ugarit) attribution: Louvre Museum, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baal_Ugarit_Louvre_AO17329.jpg

"<strong>Because a growing share of Americans hold highly unfavourable views of big corporations, we argue that the belief that large firms win from trade will provoke hostility towards trade and globalization. To test this theory, we show experimentally that informing people that large corporations benefit from trade makes them markedly more hostile towards trade compared to a treatment emphasizing that firms in exporting industries benefit.</strong>"

Menon, A. and Osgood, I. (2024) ‘The Wrong Winners: Anti-Corporate Animus and Attitudes Towards Trade’, British Journal of Political Science, pp. 1–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000152.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #PoliticalScience #Politics #International #Trade #Globalisation #Globalization #Corporations #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience

"Focusing on classical philologists and biblical scholars in nineteenth-century Germany, it examines how Hyperkritik developed from a technical philological term into a pejorative label that was widely invoked to discredit the latest trends in classical philology and, especially, biblical scholarship."

Paul, H. (2024) ‘Hypercriticism: A Case Study in the Rhetoric of Vice’, Modern Intellectual History, pp. 1–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479244324000155.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Philology #Language #Rhetoric #History #Histodon #Histodons #Bible #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons

"After a thorough examination, we may conclude that the item’s amateurish preparation and local origin are suggestive of a scribal exercise. The use of an available mould that was not suitable for a tablet, the child’s fingerprint on the reverse and the corrected mistakes in the script all point to an inexperienced scribe."

Fossé, C. et al. (2024) ‘Archaeo-Material Study of the Cuneiform Tablet from Tel Beth-Shemesh’, Tel Aviv, 51(1), pp. 3–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2024.2327796.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Antiquity #Antiquidons #BronzeAge #Cuneiform #Ugarit #Canaan #Canaanite #Semite #Alphabet #Epigraphy #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @antiquidons

"Four factors are found to be significant predictors of the position of primary stress: endings, word complexity, the segmental structure of the final syllable, and syllable count. Moreover, this study confirms previous observations on the tendency for American English to have more final stress in French loanwords than British English."

Dabouis, Q. and Fournier, P. (2024) ‘Stress in French loanwords in British and American English’, Journal of Linguistics, pp. 1–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226724000136.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #Linguistics #US #USA #UnitedStates #America #GB #UK #UnitedKingdom #Britain #France #French #English #LoanWord #LoanWords #Word #Words #Academia #Academic #Academics @linguistics

"A Bayesian analysis showed that participants had high expectations and performed descriptively better irrespective of the AI description when a sham-AI was present. Using cognitive modeling, we could trace this advantage back to participants gathering more information."

Agnes Mercedes Kloft, Robin Welsch, Thomas Kosch, and Steeven Villa. 2024. "AI enhances our performance, I have no doubt this one will do the same": The Placebo effect is robust to negative descriptions of AI. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '24). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 299, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642633

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #ComputerScience #Technology #Tech #Science #STEM #Placebo #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @technology

#Image attribution: Madhav-Malhotra-003, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artificial_Intelligence_Word_Cloud.png

"I analyze Machiavelli's frequent references to hope throughout his corpus to offer an explanation of what he means by ‘hope,” examine the relation between hope and fear, and identify the benefits, dangers, and limits of these two foundational and complementary passions."

Mitchell, C.E. (2024) ‘Beyond the Politics of Fear: Machiavelli on Hope’, The Review of Politics, pp. 1–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034670524000019.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Machiavelli #Politics #PoliticalScience #Fear #Hope #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience

#Image attribution: Peace Palace Library, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niccol%C3%B2-Machiavelli-Amelot-de-La-Houssaie-Il-principe_MG_1089.tif

AI deception: A survey of examples, risks, and potential solutions

"Large language models and other AI systems have already learned, from their training, the ability to deceive via techniques such as manipulation, sycophancy, and cheating the safety test. AI’s increasing capabilities at deception pose serious risks, ranging from short-term risks, such as fraud and election tampering, to long-term risks, such as losing control of AI systems."

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2024.100988

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #LLM #LLMS #Deception #Risk #Risks #Science #STEM #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

"Byzantine diagrams are originated by Byzantine scholars in the early modern period to use as tools for teaching and studying Aristotelian logic. This paper presents pioneering work on employing Byzantine diagrams for checking syllogistic validity through reduction."

Bhattacharjee, R. (2024) ‘Direct Reduction of Syllogisms with Byzantine Diagrams’, History and Philosophy of Logic, pp. 1–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2024.2336411.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Logic #Philosophy #EarlyModern #Reasoning #Syllogism #Academia #Academic #Academics @earlymodern @philosophy

"This paper studies the constitutive role of cartography apropos law, territory, and social order, in a specific historical context, by examining the crucial political role played by the British East India Company's cartographic practices and maps in aspiring and imagining the transplantation and establishment of English sovereignty in the Indian subcontinent."

Suresh, S. (2024) ‘The Cartojuridism of the British East India Company’, Law and History Review, pp. 1–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0738248024000051.

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #Article #History #Histodon #Histodons #Map #Maps #Cartography #Britain #UK #UnitedKingdom #India #SouthAsia #Asia #Europe #EastIndiaCompany #EarlyModern #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons @earlymodern