Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 @bibliolater@qoto.org

<strong>Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom)</strong>

"_Our research reveals that remaining in a cross-legged sitting or kneeling position for extended periods, and the repetitive tasks related to writing and the adjusting of the rush pens during scribal activity, caused the extreme overloading of the jaw, neck and shoulder regions._"

Brukner Havelková, P., Dulíková, V., Bejdová, Š. et al. Ancient Egyptian scribes and specific skeletal occupational risk markers (Abusir, Old Kingdom). Sci Rep 14, 13317 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-63549-z

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Anthropology #Science #Genetics #Ancient #Egypt #Writing #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons @anthropology

<strong>Arabic Loanwords in Hebrew</strong>

"_The influence of Arabic, both spoken (in innumerable dialects, including those spoken by Jews) and written, took place in the mediaeval and modern periods of Hebrew; its vocabulary forms more than half of the Hebrew lexicon, according to the renowned dictionary of Abraham Even-Shoshan (Rosenstein, 1906–1984). The approximately 8,000 lexical items in the Bible are not sufficient to entirely meet the needs of either a written language or a spoken one._"

Shehadeh, H. (2011) “Arabic Loanwords in Hebrew”, Studia Orientalia Electronica, 111, pp. 327–344. Available at: https://journal.fi/store/article/view/9316 (Accessed: 25June2024).

#OpenAccess #OA #PeerReview #Language #Languages #Linguistics #Arabic #Hebrew #Loanwords #Levant #MiddleEast #Asia #Academia #Academic #Academics @linguistics

<strong>Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines</strong>

"_Our analysis suggests that this genetic distinction is due to a European-related gene flow introduced in Ashkelon during either the end of the Bronze Age or the beginning of the Iron Age. This timing is in accord with estimates of the Philistines arrival to the coast of the Levant, based on archeological and textual records (2–4)._"

Michal Feldman et al., Ancient DNA sheds light on the genetic origins of early Iron Age Philistines. Sci. Adv.5, eaax0061 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0061

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Anthropology #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Science #Archaeogenetics #Ancient #DNA #Genetics #IronAge #BronzeAge #Philistines #Ashkelon #NearEast #Levant #MiddleEast #Asia @science @anthropology @archaeodons

<strong>Indigenous Arabs are descendants of the earliest split from ancient Eurasian populations</strong>

"_The Arabian Peninsula was the initial site of the out-of-Africa migrations that occurred between 125,000 and 60,000 yr ago, leading to the hypothesis that the first Eurasian populations were established on the Peninsula and that contemporary indigenous Arabs are direct descendants of these ancient peoples._"

Rodriguez-Flores, J.L. et al. (2016) 'Indigenous Arabs are descendants of the earliest split from ancient Eurasian populations,' Genome Research, 26(2), pp. 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.191478.115.

#OpenAccess #OA #Reserach #Article #DOI #Science #Genetics #Genome #Ancient #DNA #Arab #Arabs #MiddleEast #Asia #Eurasia #Eurasian #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

<strong>The Ghosts of Max Weber in the Economic History of Preindustrial Europe</strong>

"_References to Weber in the literature on preindustrial Europe published by economists during the last fifty years show that the more economists have rehabilitated culture as an autonomous force of economic change, the more they have heralded Weber as a precursor of their endeavors. The casting of Weber in such terms, moreover, has gone hand in hand with a decline, rather than an increase, in conversations between economists, sociologists, historians, and other humanists and social scientists interested in the role of culture in the formation of modern economic life._"

Trivellato, Francesca. "The Ghosts of Max Weber in the Economic History of Preindustrial Europe." Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics 4, no. 2 (2023): 332-376. https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2023.a917621.

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #History #Economics #Europe #Capitalism #Culture #Religion #Academia #Academic #Academics @econhist @economics

#Image attribution: Ernst Gottmann, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Max_Weber,_1918.jpg

<strong>Wittgenstein and the liar</strong>

"_In what follows, a reading of Wittgenstein’s remarks will be offered according to which Wittgenstein subscribes to a form of dialetheism (that is, the view that there are sentences that are both true and false). In contrast to modern dialetheist approaches to the Liar, however, some of Wittgenstein’s remarks suggest combining a dialetheist position with what is called ‘logical nihilism’ (that is, the view that there are no universally valid inference rules)._"

Bromand, J. Wittgenstein and the liar. Synthese 204, 8 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-024-04620-0 #OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Philosophy #Wittgenstein #Academia #Academic #Academics @philosophy

<strong>Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome</strong>

"_To conclude, our study of a Late Neolithic burial enables direct, quasi–real-time observation of the trimodal admixture processes in Europe between 3300 and 2600 cal BCE as steppe ancestry people dispersed and mixed with local Neo-ancestry groups or individuals. The generalization of the results obtained from our data suggests that this genomic transformation took place during a period of profound cultural change._"

Oğuzhan Parasayan et al., Late Neolithic collective burial reveals admixture dynamics during the third millennium BCE and the shaping of the European genome. Sci. Adv.10, eadl2468(2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adl2468

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Science #STEM #Genetics #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Neolithic #Europe #Genome #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons

<strong>Science of Naples: Making knowledge in Italy’s Pre-Eminent City, 1500–1800</strong>

"_Individual chapters demonstrate the extent to which Neapolitan scholars and academies contributed to debates within the Republic of Letters that continued until deep into the nineteenth century. They also show how studies of Neapolitan natural disasters yielded unique insights that contributed to the development of fields such as medicine and earth sciences._"

https://www.uclpress.co.uk/collections/category-history-of-science/products/237881

#OpenAccess #OA #History #Science #HistSci #Naples #Italy #Europe #EarlyModern #Histodon #Histodons #Read #Reading #Academia #Academic #Academics #NonFiction #Book #Books #Ebook #Ebooks #Bookstodon #PDF @science @histodon @histodons
@earlymodern @bookstodon (84)

<strong>Agropastoral and dietary practices of the northern Levant facing Late Holocene climate and environmental change: Isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Bronze to Iron Age Tell Tweini</strong>

"_In view of the known critical factors influencing Bronze and Iron Age agriculture in the Eastern Mediterranean region, such as the global climate fluctuations at the end of the Early and Late Bronze Age or the collapse of the socio-economic system in connection with migrations, at least in part of a warlike nature, which are described as the invasion of the "Sea Peoples", agricultural production at Tell Tweini proves to be comparatively resilient. Thus, despite the destruction of Tell Tweini in the first quarter of the 12th century BC, a revival of urban life and trading systems in the 11th century BC and continuing into the Iron Age II is evident._"

Fuller BT, Riehl S, Linseele V, Marinova E, De Cupere B, et al. (2024) Agropastoral and dietary practices of the northern Levant facing Late Holocene climate and environmental change: Isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Bronze to Iron Age Tell Tweini. PLOS ONE 19(6): e0301775. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301775

#OpenAccess #OA #PeerReview #Research #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Levant #Asia #BronzeAge #IronAge #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons

<strong>The potential of lacustrine sedimentary ancient DNA for revealing human postglacial recolonization patterns in northern Sweden – a review</strong>

"_The questions of who the first postglacial peoples, or pioneers, were and where they came from therefore remain unanswered. Previous palaeogenomic analyses from remains from adjacent regions have suggested that two main routes into Sweden could have been taken by the pioneers, one from the SW through modern-day Denmark and Norway, and one from the east via Finland. However, no direct genetic evidence from the pioneers of northern Sweden exists._"

Johnson, E., Regnéll, C., Heintzman, P.D. and Linderholm, A. (2024), The potential of lacustrine sedimentary ancient DNA for revealing human postglacial recolonization patterns in northern Sweden – a review. Boreas. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12660

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #Research #Review #Article #Science #STEM #Ancient #DNA #Sweden #Europe @science

<strong>ChatGPT is bullshit</strong>

"_We will argue that even if ChatGPT is not, itself, a hard bullshitter, it is nonetheless a bullshit machine. The bullshitter is the person using it, since they (i) don’t care about the truth of what it says, (ii) want the reader to believe what the application outputs._"

Hicks, M.T., Humphries, J. & Slater, J. ChatGPT is bullshit. Ethics Inf Technol 26, 38 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-024-09775-5

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #Ethics #Information #Technology #Tech #IT #ArtificialIntelligence #AI #LLMS #LLM #ChatGPT #Bullshit #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai

🇫🇮 <strong>The North Engendered: Mythologized Histories, Gender and the Finnish Perspective on the Imagined Viking-Nordic Ideal</strong>

"_We suggest that the image of “the Viking woman” as a symbol of a tradition of gender equality is of high importance to how national identities are formed in the Nordic countries. She represents an idea of the romantic North, and an idealized, explicitly or implicitly, white identity. How the “Viking woman” is envisioned by Nordic societies relates to femonationalist political narratives, and race and racialization in the present day._"

Rosenström S. & Žiačková B. 2022. The North Engendered: Mythologized Histories, Gender and the Finnish Perspective on the Imagined Viking-Nordic Ideal. In: Hoegaerts, J et al (eds.), Finnishness, Whiteness and Coloniality. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33134/HUP-17-4

#OpenAccess #OA #DOI #Ethnicity #History #Psychology #Linguistics #Sociology #Whiteness #Feminism #Vikings #Finland #Nordic #Scandinavia #Europe @psychology @linguistics @sociology

<strong>(Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models</strong>

"_First, the responses given by the LLMs often display incorrect reasoning that differs from cognitive biases observed in humans. This may mean errors in calculations, or violations to rules of logic and probability, or simple factual inaccuracies. Second, the inconsistency of responses reveals another form of irrationality—there is significant variation in the responses given by a single model for the same task._"

Macmillan-Scott Olivia and Musolesi Mirco. 2024 (Ir)rationality and cognitive biases in large language models R. Soc. Open Sci. 11: 240255. http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240255

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #LLM #LLMS #Bias #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai

<strong>Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe</strong>

"_The historical and archaeological record leave no doubt that the development of culture and population in southwestern Germany was temporarily characterized by profound discontinuities, particularly during the third to first century BCE. The definitive end of the 2,000 years of relative genetic continuity from the Bronze throughout the Iron Age in southern Germany is marked by a sudden, sharp increase of Steppe-related ancestry during the Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages._"

Gretzinger, J., Schmitt, F., Mötsch, A. et al. Evidence for dynastic succession among early Celtic elites in Central Europe. Nat Hum Behav (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01888-7

#OpenAccess #OA #Reasearch #Article #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Biology #Science #Anthropology #History #Histodon #Histodons #PopulationGenetics #Population #Genetics #Europe #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @archaeodons @anthropology @histodon @histodons

Languages from the World of the Bible

"The breakthrough of the alphabetic script early in the first millennium BCE coincides with the appearance of several new languages and civilizations in ancient Syria-Palestine. Together, they form the cultural setting in which ancient Israel, the Hebrew Bible, and, transformed by Hellenism, the New Testament took shape."

Gzella, H. 2011. Languages from the World of the Bible. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781934078631/html

#OpenAccess #OA #AncientNearEast #Ancient #Classics #Language #Languages #History #Histodon #Histodons #OldTestament #Theology #Religion #Bible #Read #Reading #Academia #Academic #Academics #NonFiction #Book #Books #Ebook #Ebooks #Bookstodon @theology @religion @histodon @histodons @bookstodon (83)

<strong>The Making and Unmaking of a Presidency: Envisioning Empire in British Bencoolen, 1685–1825</strong>

"_The effort to transform Sumatra into a productive constituent of a larger imperial nexus depended on many of the same processes that were to shape modern capitalism. Not only did British officials in Bencoolen deploy coerced and enslaved labor, they did so with the intent of wresting control of the production, consumption, and circulation of valuable commodities such as pepper and sugar. Practices of slavery, transplantation, and agrarian change typically associated with British colonies in the Atlantic world fundamentally shaped Bencoolen._"

Bains, T. (2024) ‘The Making and Unmaking of a Presidency: Envisioning Empire in British Bencoolen, 1685–1825’, Journal of British Studies, pp. 1–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2023.142.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #Britain #UK #UnitedKingdom #Imperialism #Empire #Europe #Asia #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons

<strong>Mapping automatic social media information disorder. The role of bots and AI in spreading misleading information in society</strong>

"_The analysis focused on four research questions: 1) the distribution of misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation across different platforms; 2) recurring themes in fake news and their visibility; 3) the role of artificial intelligence as an authoritative and/or spreader agent; and 4) strategies for combating information disorder. The role of AI was highlighted, both as a tool for fact-checking and building truthiness identification bots, and as a potential amplifier of false narratives._"

Tomassi A, Falegnami A, Romano E (2024) Mapping automatic social media information disorder. The role of bots and AI in spreading misleading information in society. PLOS ONE 19(5): e0303183. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303183

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #SocialMedia #Twitter #X #Facebook #Misinformation #Disinformation #Malinformation #Academia #Academic #Academics @ai @socialmedia

<strong>The Export Of Capital To Colonies And The Falling Rate Of Profit In Economic Thought: 1776-1917</strong>

"_The colonization of South Africa, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand was closely linked with European emigration. After 1870, colonization affected large areas of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific where the population remained overwhelmingly non-European (Bayly 2004). As an advocate of emigration writing in the 1830s, Wakefield argued that the main purpose of acquiring colonies was to extend the agricultural frontier by settling European farmers on previously uncultivated land._"

Walke, A. (2024) ‘THE EXPORT OF CAPITAL TO COLONIES AND THE FALLING RATE OF PROFIT IN ECONOMIC THOUGHT: 1776–1917’, Journal of the History of Economic Thought, pp. 1–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1053837224000166.

#OpenAccess #OA #Article #History #Histodon #Histodons #Economics #EconHist #EconHistory #Colonisation #Colonization #Imperialism #Empire #Europe #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons @economics @econhist @econhistory

<strong>Biblical Gilgal: A Common Place Name or a Cult Site near Jericho?</strong>

"_Gilgal was a national cult centre of the Kingdom of Israel, and in several references its name appears alongside that of Bethel (1 Sam 7:16; 2 Kgs 2:1–2; Hos 4:15; 12:12; Amos 4:4; 5:4–5). Bethel, located in the highlands, was the seat of a national temple (see Amos 7:13) and the place where the golden calf, the animal sacred to the Storm God, represented the God of Israel in his temple._"

Naʾaman, N. (2024). Biblical Gilgal: A Common Place Name or a Cult Site near Jericho? Tel Aviv, 51(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2024.2327800

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #Archaeology #Arcaheodons #Israel #Israelites #MiddleEast #Levant #NearEast #Asia #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @histodon @histodons

<strong>The geometrical atomism of Roger Bacon</strong>

"_He argued that all four sublunar elements, namely, earth, water, air, and fire, can be analysed into geometrical units which take two shapes: cubical when at rest, and pyramidal when in motion. This allowed him, in turn, to solve the difficulty of the participation of the cubical portions of earth in elemental transmutations, which was due to the triangular faces of the other elements._"

Kedar, Y. (2024) ‘The geometrical atomism of Roger Bacon’, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, pp. 1–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2024.2344509.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Philosophy #Academia #Academic #Academics @philosophy

#Image attribution: Jan Verhas, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bacon_1867.jpg