Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋 @bibliolater@qoto.org

<strong>Earliest, most distant galaxy discovered with James Webb Space Telescope </strong>

"_The two earliest and most distant galaxies yet confirmed, dating back to only 300 million years after the Big Bang, have been discovered using NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), an international team of astronomers today announced._"

https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/earliest-most-distant-galaxy-discovered-with-james-webb-space-telescope

#News #Science #STEM #Research #Space #Universe #Astronomy @science @astronomy

<strong>The geometrical atomism of Roger Bacon</strong>

"_He argued that all four sublunar elements, namely, earth, water, air, and fire, can be analysed into geometrical units which take two shapes: cubical when at rest, and pyramidal when in motion. This allowed him, in turn, to solve the difficulty of the participation of the cubical portions of earth in elemental transmutations, which was due to the triangular faces of the other elements._"

Kedar, Y. (2024) ‘The geometrical atomism of Roger Bacon’, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, pp. 1–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09608788.2024.2344509.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Philosophy #Academia #Academic #Academics @philosophy

#Image attribution: Jan Verhas, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bacon_1867.jpg

<strong>Imagined otherness fuels blatant dehumanization of outgroups</strong>

"_Given the cruelties that humans are capable of inflicting upon others, understanding the origins of blatant dehumanization is of paramount importance if we aim to ultimately curb such atrocities. This study demonstrates that merely perceiving the other as seeing the world in a fundamentally different way can lead people to conceive of them as subhuman._"

van Loon, A., Goldberg, A. & Srivastava, S.B. Imagined otherness fuels blatant dehumanization of outgroups. Commun Psychol 2, 39 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-024-00087-4

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Politics #PoliticalScience #Sociology #Psychology #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience @psychology @sociology

<strong>Assyrian conquest and ruralization: unveiling territorial dynamics in the provinces of Magiddû and Samerina</strong>

"_This study has illustrated that the Assyrian territorial strategy implemented in the provinces of Magiddû and Samerina, established upon the remnants of the Kingdom of Israel, manifested as clusters of sites, termed ‘islands of control’. These ‘islands’ comprised a rural landscape overseen by the principal cities of Tel Dan, Megiddo and Samaria. This territorial approach mirrors a broader modus operandi adopted by the Assyrians across their empire to manage agricultural production._"

Squitieri, A. (2024) ‘Assyrian conquest and ruralization: unveiling territorial dynamics in the provinces of Magiddû and Samerina’, Levant, pp. 1–20. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1080/00758914.2024.2351677.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #Ancient #Antiquity #Antiquiodons #Assyria #Assyrian #Empire #Imperialism #Colonisation #Colonization #Levant #MiddleEast #NearEast #Asia #Agriculture @histodon @histodons @antiquiodons

<strong>New sources for Sennacherib's first campaign </strong>

"_The article presents an edition, based on manuscripts from Nineveh, Ashur, and Tarbisu, of Sennacherib's earliest accounts of its first campaign, waged against Marduk-aplu-iddina and his southern Babylonian allies in 704-702 BCE. It provides an overview of the Aramean tribes and Chaldean towns attacked by the Assyrian troops, and a discussion of many have been the author of the inscriptions hat celebrate the campaign._"

Frahm, E. (2016) «New sources for Sennacherib’s first campaign», ISIMU, 6, pp. 129–164. doi: https://www.doi.org/10.15366/isimu2003.6.008.

#Research #DOI #Ancient #History #Histodon #Histodons #MiddleEast #Asia #Assyria #Babylon #Babylonia #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons

<strong>Why Scientific Fraud Is Suddenly Everywhere</strong>

"_When you say there aren’t enough jobs, it’s because we’re training so many Ph.D.’s and convincing them all that the only way to remain a scientist is to stay in academia. It’s not, and that hasn’t been true for a long time._"

https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/why-scientific-fraud-is-suddenly-everywhere.html

#Academia #Academic #Academics #PhD #Research #Science #STEM #Fraud @science

<strong>Cavalier South vs Puritan North? Hypocrisy and Identity in the American Civil War</strong>

"_This article highlights the ways Southern ministers claimed the puritan identity for the South and accused the North of hypocrisy, for having fallen far from the theological ideals of their puritan forebears. Furthermore, Southern ministers noted the hypocrisy of Northern puritans for having escaped religious tyranny only to impose it upon those who did not conform to their form of Christianity; they had thus fallen into the very sin which they had decried._"

Manger, E.G. (2024) ‘Cavalier South vs Puritan North? Hypocrisy and Identity in the American Civil War’, Studies in Church History, 60, pp. 431–452. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/stc.2024.16.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Histodon #Histodons #US #USA #UnitedStates #America #Hipocrisy #Identity #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons

<strong>People perceive parasocial relationships to be effective at fulfilling emotional needs</strong>

"_Although strong two-sided relationships were consistently seen as the closest, most responsive, and most effective relationship type for fulfilling emotional needs, we found that people consider a strong PSR—someone they have never met (e.g., YouTube creator, a celebrity) and who may not even exist (e.g., fictional character)—as closer, and more effective at fulfilling their emotional needs than an acquaintance they interact with dyadically (i.e., their weak two-sided relationship)._"

Lotun, S., Lamarche, V.M., Matran-Fernandez, A. et al. People perceive parasocial relationships to be effective at fulfilling emotional needs. Sci Rep 14, 8185 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58069-9

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Psychology #SocialMedia #Youtube #Emotions #Relationships #Academia #Academic #Academics @psychology

<strong>Fossil viruses hidden in our DNA thousands of years ago could be the cause of depression, study finds</strong>

"Ancient DNA present in humans may be linked to major psychiatric disorders like depression, researchers have said.

DNA sequences originating from ancient infections are found in the brain, with some contributing to susceptibility for conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression, a study found"

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/depression-cause-fossil-virus-dna-b2549421.html

#News #Ancient #DNA #AncientDNA #Psychiatry #MentalHealth #Science #STEM #Research @science

"_The fakes created during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century tell us another story, one of the rediscovery of the ancient Near East within the Orientalism movement. This fascination about the Orient and the past led certain individuals to create some fantastic stories and theories, such as those published by the writer Zecharia Stichin (1920–2010) who took the mythological battles of gods related in the authentic Babylonian Epic of Creation to be real astronomic phenomena._"

Michel, C. 2020. Cuneiform Fakes: A Long History from Antiquity to the Present Day. In: Michel, C. and Friedrich, M. ed. Fakes and Forgeries of Written Artefacts from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern China. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 25-60. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110714333-002

#OpenAccess #OA #Chapter #Research #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #History #Histodon #Histodons #Fake #Cuneiform #NearEast #MiddleEast #Asia #Academia #Academic #Academics #Read #Reading #NonFiction #Book #Books #Ebook #Ebooks #Bookstodon @histodon @histodons @bookstodon @archaeodons

"<strong>Because a growing share of Americans hold highly unfavourable views of big corporations, we argue that the belief that large firms win from trade will provoke hostility towards trade and globalization. To test this theory, we show experimentally that informing people that large corporations benefit from trade makes them markedly more hostile towards trade compared to a treatment emphasizing that firms in exporting industries benefit.</strong>"

Menon, A. and Osgood, I. (2024) ‘The Wrong Winners: Anti-Corporate Animus and Attitudes Towards Trade’, British Journal of Political Science, pp. 1–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123424000152.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #PoliticalScience #Politics #International #Trade #Globalisation #Globalization #Corporations #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience

"Focusing on classical philologists and biblical scholars in nineteenth-century Germany, it examines how Hyperkritik developed from a technical philological term into a pejorative label that was widely invoked to discredit the latest trends in classical philology and, especially, biblical scholarship."

Paul, H. (2024) ‘Hypercriticism: A Case Study in the Rhetoric of Vice’, Modern Intellectual History, pp. 1–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479244324000155.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Philology #Language #Rhetoric #History #Histodon #Histodons #Bible #Academia #Academic #Academics @histodon @histodons

"After a thorough examination, we may conclude that the item’s amateurish preparation and local origin are suggestive of a scribal exercise. The use of an available mould that was not suitable for a tablet, the child’s fingerprint on the reverse and the corrected mistakes in the script all point to an inexperienced scribe."

Fossé, C. et al. (2024) ‘Archaeo-Material Study of the Cuneiform Tablet from Tel Beth-Shemesh’, Tel Aviv, 51(1), pp. 3–17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03344355.2024.2327796.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Archaeology #Archaeodons #Antiquity #Antiquidons #BronzeAge #Cuneiform #Ugarit #Canaan #Canaanite #Semite #Alphabet #Epigraphy #Academia #Academic #Academics @archaeodons @antiquidons

"Four factors are found to be significant predictors of the position of primary stress: endings, word complexity, the segmental structure of the final syllable, and syllable count. Moreover, this study confirms previous observations on the tendency for American English to have more final stress in French loanwords than British English."

Dabouis, Q. and Fournier, P. (2024) ‘Stress in French loanwords in British and American English’, Journal of Linguistics, pp. 1–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022226724000136.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #Linguistics #US #USA #UnitedStates #America #GB #UK #UnitedKingdom #Britain #France #French #English #LoanWord #LoanWords #Word #Words #Academia #Academic #Academics @linguistics

2023 was the northern hemisphere’s hottest summer in 2,000 years

"Looking back at the past 2,000 years, the team searched for the warmest summers on record to see how they compared to 2023. They found that the hottest June to August in the pre-industrial era was in 246 CE when temperatures were around 0.88⁰C above average.

This record stood for over 1,000 years, before being broken repeatedly since the late 1990s."

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2024/may/2023-northern-hemisphere-hottest-summer-2000-years.html

#News #Anthropocene #Climate #ClimateChange #Research #Climatology #ClimateCrisis #Environment #ElNino #Trees #Summer #Records #Geography @climatechange @geography

#Image attribution: Geralt, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Summer_thermometer.jpg

"A Bayesian analysis showed that participants had high expectations and performed descriptively better irrespective of the AI description when a sham-AI was present. Using cognitive modeling, we could trace this advantage back to participants gathering more information."

Agnes Mercedes Kloft, Robin Welsch, Thomas Kosch, and Steeven Villa. 2024. "AI enhances our performance, I have no doubt this one will do the same": The Placebo effect is robust to negative descriptions of AI. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '24). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 299, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642633

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #ComputerScience #Technology #Tech #Science #STEM #Placebo #Academia #Academic #Academics @science @technology

#Image attribution: Madhav-Malhotra-003, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artificial_Intelligence_Word_Cloud.png

"I analyze Machiavelli's frequent references to hope throughout his corpus to offer an explanation of what he means by ‘hope,” examine the relation between hope and fear, and identify the benefits, dangers, and limits of these two foundational and complementary passions."

Mitchell, C.E. (2024) ‘Beyond the Politics of Fear: Machiavelli on Hope’, The Review of Politics, pp. 1–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034670524000019.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #Machiavelli #Politics #PoliticalScience #Fear #Hope #Academia #Academic #Academics @politicalscience

#Image attribution: Peace Palace Library, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Page URL: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niccol%C3%B2-Machiavelli-Amelot-de-La-Houssaie-Il-principe_MG_1089.tif

AI deception: A survey of examples, risks, and potential solutions

"Large language models and other AI systems have already learned, from their training, the ability to deceive via techniques such as manipulation, sycophancy, and cheating the safety test. AI’s increasing capabilities at deception pose serious risks, ranging from short-term risks, such as fraud and election tampering, to long-term risks, such as losing control of AI systems."

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2024.100988

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #LLM #LLMS #Deception #Risk #Risks #Science #STEM #Academia #Academic #Academics @science

"Byzantine diagrams are originated by Byzantine scholars in the early modern period to use as tools for teaching and studying Aristotelian logic. This paper presents pioneering work on employing Byzantine diagrams for checking syllogistic validity through reduction."

Bhattacharjee, R. (2024) ‘Direct Reduction of Syllogisms with Byzantine Diagrams’, History and Philosophy of Logic, pp. 1–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2024.2336411.

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #Article #DOI #History #Logic #Philosophy #EarlyModern #Reasoning #Syllogism #Academia #Academic #Academics @earlymodern @philosophy

"We outline some of the indirect ways in which generative AI and social media undermine the optimism, focus, creativity, and veracity required to address the climate crisis."

Hamish van der Ven, Diego Corry, Rawie Elnur, Viola Jasmine Provost, Muh Syukron; Generative AI and Social Media May Exacerbate the Climate Crisis. Global Environmental Politics 2024; doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00747

#OpenAccess #OA #Research #DOI #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #SocialMedia #Climate #Environment #Politics #ClimateChange #ClimateCrisis #Digitalization #LLM #LLMS #Internet #Academia #Academic #Academics @climatecrisis @climatechange