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Project Gutenberg

Albert Abraham Michelson Prussian physicist, known for his work on measuring the speed of light & especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment was born #OTD in 1852.

During June and early July 1879, Michelson refined experimental arrangements from those developed by Hippolyte Fizeau & Léon Foucault. He constructed a frame building along the north sea wall of the Naval Academy to house the machinery. Michelson published his result of 299,910 ± 50 km/s in 1879. #physics

gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/40

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Albert Cardona

Talks in Cambridge, UK, are often advertised at talks.cam.ac.uk and are open to the public. Quite a few are both in person and over zoom. From my circles:

The MRC LMB seminar series: talks.cam.ac.uk/show/index/772

Adrian seminars in neuroscience:
talks.cam.ac.uk/show/index/614

Foster talks: (neuroscience, development, immunology, cancer, physiology)
talks.cam.ac.uk/show/index/628

#MRCLMB #Cambridge #UK #neuroscience #ScienceSeminars

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Bibliolater 📚 📜 🖋

"Experts have been selected to create a multidisciplinary volume with a thematic approach to the vast subject, tackling administration, army, economy, law, mobility, religion (local and imperial religions and Christianity), social status, and urbanism. They situate the phenomena of Latinization, literacy, bi-, and multilingualism within local and broader social developments and draw together materials and arguments that have not before been coordinated in a single volume."

Mullen, Alex (ed.), Social Factors in the Latinization of the Roman West (Oxford, 2023; online edn, Oxford Academic, 14 Dec. 2023), doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198887, accessed 16 Dec. 2023.
@bookstodon @histodon @histodons (69)

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"This article seeks to understand mercantilism not as an elite philosophy, but as a process of interaction between private interests that stretched beyond London across England and the wider world, in which contribution to the public interest was asserted primarily by the capacity of a trade to support domestic employment in an increasingly global economy."

Hugo Bromley, England’s Mercantilism: Trading Companies, Employment and the Politics of Trade in Global History, 1688–1704, The English Historical Review, 2023;, cead177, doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cead177 @histodon @histodons

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"I argue that inclusion of Occam's razor is an essential factor that distinguishes science from superstition and pseudoscience. I also describe how the razor is embedded in Bayesian inference and argue that science is primarily the means to discover the simplest descriptions of our world."

McFadden, J. (2023). Razor sharp: The role of Occam's razor in science. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1530, 8–17. doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15086 @science

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"The study has revealed that the Balkans was a frontier region of ancient Rome as cosmopolitan as the imperial centre, and that Slavic migration arriving in the Balkans from the 6th century onwards represents between 30% and 60% of the ancestry of the Balkan peoples today." ehu.eus/en/web/campusa-magazin @biology @science

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Project Gutenberg

German astronomer Gottfried Kirch was born #OTD in 1639.

As well as spending a great deal of time studying the famous double star Mizar in Ursa Major, his achievements include the discoveries of the Great Comet of 1680 (also known as Kirch’s Comet) on 14 Nov 1680; the Wild Duck open star cluster in Scutum in 1681 and the Mira-type variable star Chi (χ) Cygni in 1686. via Soc.Hist.Astron.

#science #astronomy

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Mark R. Stoneman

#OpenAccess #HistSci #HistKnow
The British Journal for the History of Science 56, no. 4 (2023), cambridge.org/core/journals/br
HT: @hsozkultservice 🐘 🗃️

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Thony Christie

Gabrielle-Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Châtelet, who translated Newton's Principia into French and made important contributions to physics, was born 17th December 1706
thonyc.wordpress.com/2010/12/1

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Project Gutenberg

William Thomson, Baron Kelvin Irish engineer, mathematician, and physicist died #OTD in 1907.

Absolute temperatures are stated in units of kelvin in his honour. While the existence of a coldest possible temperature, known as absolute zero, was known prior to his work, Kelvin is known for determining its correct value as approximately −273.15 degrees Celsius. Kelvin's work in thermodynamics led to the idea that energy can not pass spontaneously from a colder object to a hotter object.

#physics

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Open Culture (Official)

What the Romans Saw When They Reached New Parts of the World: Hear First-Hand Accounts by Appian, Pliny, Tacitus & Other Ancient Historians

openculture.com/2023/12/what-t

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Project Gutenberg

Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Donati was born #OTD in 1826.

Donati was a pioneer in the spectroscopic study of the stars, the Sun, and comets. He observed the total solar eclipse of 18 July 1860, at Torreblanca in Spain, and in the same year began experiments in stellar spectroscopy. Between 1854 and 1864 he discovered six new comets, including the spectacular Comet Donati (C/1858 L1), found in 1858. via @wikipedia

#science #astronomy

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"Here we focus on pseudo-profound bullshit, which consists of seemingly impressive assertions that are presented as true and meaningful but are actually vacuous"

Pennycook G, Allan Cheyne J, Barr N, Koehler DJ, Fugelsang JA. On the reception and detection of pseudo-profound bullshit. Judgment and Decision Making. 2015;10(6):549-563. doi: doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500006 @psychology

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"This Element examines some of their concerns. It uses evidence that critics of peer review sometimes cite to show its failures, as well as empirical literature on the reception of bullshit, to advance positive claims about how the assessment of scholarly work is appropriately influenced by features of the context in which it appears: for example, by readers' knowledge of authorship or of publication venue."

Levy N. Philosophy, Bullshit, and Peer Review. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2024. doi: doi.org/10.1017/9781009256315 @philosophy

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"The authors introduce the two main theoretical approaches in SM, Boltzmannian SM and Gibbsian SM, and discuss how they conceptualise equilibrium and explain the approach to it. In doing so, the authors examine how probabilities are introduced into the theories, how they deal with irreversibility, how they understand the relation between the micro and the macro level, and how the two approaches relate to each other."

Frigg R, Werndl C. Foundations of Statistical Mechanics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2024. doi: doi.org/10.1017/9781009022798 @philosophy @philosophyofscience @physics

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"Our project is revealing a new perspective on how these sites, contrary to previous assumptions, seem to have played a significant role in the configuration and evolution of trading networks throughout the Roman period."

Quevedo A, Hernández García Jde D, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez M, Moreno-Martín FJ, Mukai T, Capelli C. Impact of trading networks on a small island at the end of Late Antiquity: Isla del Fraile. Antiquity. 2023:1-9. doi: doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2023.182 @archaeodons @antiquidons

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"The findings gave a unique understanding of life and death in this early Christian Viking community and indicated that it was common to suffer from dental caries, tooth loss, infections of dental origin and tooth pain. These Vikings also manipulated their teeth through filing, tooth picking and other occupational behaviors."

Bertilsson C, Vretemark M, Lund H, Lingström P (2023) Caries prevalence and other dental pathological conditions in Vikings from Varnhem, Sweden. PLOS ONE 18(12): e0295282. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0 @archaeodons @science

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"A team of astronomers has used asteroseismology, or the study of stellar oscillations, to accurately measure the distance of stars from the Earth. Their research examined thousands of stars and checked the measurements taken during the Gaia mission to study the near Universe." actu.epfl.ch/news/scientists-m

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"This article outlines a chronology for understanding the cultural importance in Britain of this voyage, from the New England chroniclers to the postcolonial critiques of historians today. In between, it offers a thematic analysis of the different groups which could use the story in their construction of morality and identity, from Romanticists and abolitionists to Anglo-American diplomats and civic boosters."

Edmund Downey, Tom Hulme, Martha Vandrei, The Mayflower and Historical Culture in Britain, 1620–2020, The English Historical Review, 2023;, cead152, doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cead152 @histodon @histodons

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"In his Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, Wittgenstein claims, puzzlingly, that ‘the proof creates a new concept’ (RFM III-41). This paper aims to contribute to clarifying this idea, and to showing how it marks a major break with the traditional conception of proof."

Sorin Bangu, Wittgenstein on Proof and Concept-Formation, The Philosophical Quarterly, 2023;, pqad111, doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqad111 @philosophy

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