🎓 Doc Freemo 🇳🇱 @freemo@qoto.org

Wow I just came back from my local supermarket. People are TENSE. All the canned food is gone, soup in bags are gone, pasta was gone, toiletpaper and hand sanitizer hoarded. #covid19 panic seems to have reached #Amsterdam.

🔸 There's a huge class of receptors that don't form a pore and these are called metabotropic receptors.

🔸 So, metabotropic receptors, like ionotropic receptors, will bind neurotransmitters. But they do not directly lead to an electrical change because this molecule cannot form a pore. Instead, this complex is attached to a G-protein.

🔸 Once the receptor is bound to neurotransmitters, the G-proteins are activated. And they are going to go off and do things like simulating enzymatic reactions, or they're going to bind to other molecules that are in-turn going to simulate enzymatic reactions. So these G-proteins are going to go and do things, but that means it takes time.

🔸 The second thing is that what's the effect of this? Well the effect could be to open a channel, an ion channel somewhere; it could be to close an ion channel. Or it could have no effect on the ion channels. It could just go off and actually elicit a change in the genetic transcription. So it could have an electrically silent effect on the cell. So there is a huge variation in effect.

🔸 Another thing that is different about these metabotropic receptors is that they're incredibly numerous and varied. There are more than 1000 types, while there are less than 10 types of ionotropic receptors.

🔸 Not only do metabotropic receptors take time to activate for the effect to be seen, but the metabotropic receptor amplifies — it goes through many rounds of activating these G-proteins, and so it can have a lasting effect that is pretty difficult to turn off.

🔸 Many of the drugs that we use to treat Glaucoma, motion sickness, arrhythmias, hypertension, asthma, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and so on are acting on G-protein coupled receptors. So this is a very common target for drug development.

#GIS experts: do you have strong opinions on what's better between ArcGis and #QGIS?
I know we are all #FOSS lovers here, but my gis professor will only use arcgis and I'd like to understand how sour is this pill I should swallow 😄

YAAAAS #Mozfest will be in #Amsterdam next year!! 🎉 🎉

https://www.mozillafestival.org/en/

https://qoto.org/@freemo/102350040123388951

Long overdue on #introductions :

https://qoto.org/@freemo/102350040123388951

Long overdue on #introductions :

#Nature
#Science
#Buddhism
#Philosophy
#Psychology
#Psychotherapy
#Spirituality
#Religion
#Paranormal
#Cryptid
#Fiction
#Horror
#Fantasy
#Linux
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#Internet / #Web / #WorldWideWeb
#Space
#Tech / #AltTech / #Technology
#Security / #Privacy / #Anonymity / #Anonymous
#VideoGame / #Gaming / #Game / #Gamer / #Retro / #RetroGame / #RetroGaming
#Health
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#Fitness / #Bodybuilding / #Strength / #Training
#GeneticEngineering / #Cybernetics / #Cyborg / #TransHumanism / #TransHuman
#Existence / #Reality / #Existential
#SocialEngineering
#Culture / #Anthropology / #Society
#Drug / #Drugs / #Hallucinate / #Hallucination / #Hallucinogen / #LSD / #DMT / #Psilocybin / #MagicMushroom / #Mescaline / #Ayahuasca
#Mind / #Mental
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#environment #ecology #climate #science #global #dying #death

There's no 'deadline' to save the world. Everything we do now has to pass the climate test

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/10/deadline-save-world-climate-test-crisis-governments#comments

Dear fediverse, I would love your input here.

I'm considering a research to understand the distribution and vulnerability level of microfungi by using some kind of proxy, like orchids to understand the mycorrhiza distribution and such, basically for conservation purpuses and IUCN listing.

I won't be too specific in my doubts not to influence you too much, but the data is pretty lacking and I'm not sure about how to proceed from here.

do you know if such a thing has been studied for any organism, not just for fungi?

Do you have any input or idea to throw at me?

What do you reckon a good proxy should have in this context?

I'm at an empasse with the practicality of the idea, so right now I'm wondering if to keep it and work on it or just drop it and move on.

🔸 How do we get the neurotransmitter out of the vesicle and out of the cell and make it able to go and affect another cell?

🔸 There is a cell membrane, but the cell also has a lot of other membranes that are inside. Inside in these things called organelles.

🔸 The fusion between two different membranes happens constitutively. And the challenge for a neuron is to stop that.
We can't have these vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane, with the cell membrane all the time. That would not work.

🔸 What we want to do is we want to make the vesicle fuse to the membrane **only when the action potential arrives** .

🔸 So the key to neurotransmitter release is two things:
1. We're going to suppress constitutive or ongoing release.
2. We are going to link the release that we want in the synaptic terminal to the action potential.

🔸 There is a molecule that suppresses constitutive release within the synaptic terminal.

🔸 When the action potential comes in, the membrane potential increases and it opens a particular type of ion channel that lets in calcium ions.

🔸 These are positively charged ions with two positive charges. And, these calcium ions are going to flood in to the synaptic terminal, and that is going to trigger release.

🔸 The release that happens of vesicles that contain neurotransmitters is only when the calcium concentration increases.

🔸 All that happens when the calcium concentration increases is that the vesicular membrane and the the cell membrane fuse.
And the calcium concentration only increases when the action potential arrives.

🖼️ Image source: screen-grab from https://www.coursera.org/learn/neurobiology/lecture/o4ZMY/neurotransmitter-release

the #QOTO ToS has been officially been updated after an in depth conversation with the community.

No policy changes occur, we have simply changed the wording to more accurately reflect the moderation policies we have always upheld.

Be kind, be respectful, and you will always have a place here!

You can see our new ToS here: https://qoto.org/about/more

#mastodon #fediverse #mastoadmin

#introductions.

I am new to this instance. I want to see what it is all about. Especially this huge character limit. How does it work applied to Federating?

I am a follower of Jesus, and I like to do some programming.

My other account is @masterofthetiger